拜求新概念第二册11课课后答案
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发布时间：2022-05-26 20:08
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时间：2023-10-24 22:34
1. Everything that happens in England is directed and influenced by instinctive feeling and not rational thought.
2. There are fewer Communists or neo- or potential fascists in England than there are in most other countries. Murderous encounters with the police or bloody street battles do not occur in England. From these facts Priestley concludes there are fewer fanatical believers among the English.
3. He is referring to some shop stewards and wealthy employers who have lost their Englishness.
4. Priestley puts forward five or six points to show that the English are different: 1)It is instinctive feeling and not rational thought that shapes and colours actual events in England. 2)The English do not feel at home in the con-temporary world, representing the accelerated development of our whole age. They are suspicious of largeness, severe efficiency and Admass. 3) The English are also deeply suspicious of change for change' s sake. 4)The English can soon feel bored and. that' s why they gamble and booze so much and enjoy any dramatic change in public life. 5)The English have a sense of community, decent fellow feeling, fairness. 6)The English are at heart and at root an imaginative people immediately responsive to any suggestion of drama in their lives.
5. Admass stands for ruthless competitiveness, treating men simply as a procer and consumer and playing upon dissatisfaction, greed and envy, while Englishness stands for the invisible inner world, offering states of mind. The out- come of this battle between Admass and Englishness will decide the future of the English.
6. The future of the English may be shaped by the decision of the now vacillating huge trade unions. It will be shaped by the role they decide to play. They must come down decisively either on the side of Admass or that of Englishness.
7. The following people have rejected Admass: 1)workers in smallish, well-managed and honest enterprises, 2)crusty High Tories who avoid the City and directors' fees, 3)men and women in the professional classes. The last group of people are the most important for they are articulate and people are ready to listen to them. If the battle with A& mass can be won, it will probably be these men and women who will help Englishness to win it.
8. Priestley divides the English young into two groups. He is bious about the noisy types, they lack indiviality to stand up to Admass. He has more faith in the quieter young, who may have come under the influence of some mature professional men and women. They- too, might help to swing the battle.
9. The sloppy people are easy to get along with, rarely unkind, but they are not dependable; they are inept, shiftless, slovenly, messy. They lack self-discipline, accepting no responsibility, skimping the work they are supposed to be doing, cheating not only "the bosses", the capitalists, but even their neighbours.
10. There is widespread boredom in all heavily instrialized societies not simply because so much of the work they offer is boring. It is also because, after having shattered the slow rhythms, the traditional skills, the closely knit communities of rum societies, they crowd people together, excite them by large promises that cannot be kept, so drive them into boredom. When the English are bored they gamble and booze a lot. They enjoy any dramatic change in public life, any news that encourages excited talk. Bored teenagers, who have not been able to use up enough energy ring the day turn at night to idiot vandalism. Later, if boredom hardens into frustration, some of them take to crime.
11. Other elements apart from boredom have brought about dishonesty and vicious criminality in England, There is trying to get rich by any means; there is the false notion that the world owes you something while you owe it nothing; there is no fear of punishment in life or after death as long as you are not found out; and there is the feeling that life is meaningless and purposeless.
12. Priestley considers politics very important. If honest people ignore politics, then some unscrupulous dictator may seize power and exercise his tyranny over the people.
Ⅲ.
1. Yes, there are. Such as: stuff, shop , cosy, nudge, the City, safe to say, take a whip to, shrug off, along the way ,'etc.
2. 1 )The dominant intention or the controversial topic (thesis) of his argument is stated early in paragraph 1 in one succinct sentence: "The English are different. "
3. 2)No. Priestley does not provide sufficient evidence to support his position, nor is his reasoning on some points logically sound. Hence not all his issues or conflicts are resolved. This is a rather informal piece of argument, 'so the writer doesn' t marshal enough evidence to prove his points. In fact he appeals more to the emotions of his English readers than to their reason to drive home his point of view.
4. See the answer to 3.
5.1)See the answer to 3. 2)Yes, there' re some fallacies. For example, in his first issue he states that it is instinctive feeling and not rational thought that shapes and colours actual events in England. To support this point of view, Priestley states there are fewer fascists in England than in many other countries. From this the reader concludes more fascists are to be found in countries where rational thought and not instinctive feeling shapes and colours actual events. But one fails to find the logical connection between rational thought and fascism. Furthermore, one has to accept Priestiey's statement that there are fewer fascists and fanatical believers in England without any supportiong evidence or proof.
6. See the answer to 3. The reader is moved by the sincerity and intensity of the feelings of the writer and feels that the writer, perhaps, has the right instinctive feeling of what the English are like. Priestley' s smooth and polished style makes the essay a pleasure to read.
7. Students' choice.
Ⅳ.
1. The English people may hotly argue and abuse and quarrel with each other but there still exists a lot of natural sympathetic feeling for each other.
2. What the wealthy employers would really like to do is to whip all the workers whom they consider to be lazy and troublesome people.
3. There are not many snarling shop stewards in the work-shop, nor are there many cruel wealthy employers on the board of managers (or governing board of a factory).
4. The contemporary world demands that everything be done on a big scale and the English do not like or trust bigness.
5. At least on the surface, when Englishness is put against the power and success of Admass, English ness seems to put up a rather poor weak performance.
6. Englishness is not against change, but it believes that changing just for changing and for no other useful purpose to be very wrong and harmful.
7. To regard cars and motorways as more important than houses seems to Englishness a public stupidity~
8. I must further say that while Englishness can go on fighting, there is a great possibility of Admass winning.
9. Englishness draws its strength from a reservoir of strong moral and ethical principles, and soon it may be asking for strength which this reservoir of principles cannot supply.
10. These people probably believe, as I do, that the 'Good Life' promised by Admass is false and dishonest in all respects.
11. They can be found too though there are not many of them now because these kind of people are dying out -- among the curt, bad-tempered, extremely conservative politicians who refuse to accept high posts in big commercial enterprises.
12. They are incompetent, lazy and inefficient, careless and untidy.
13. He will not even find much satisfaction in his untidy and disordered life where he manages to live as a parasite by sponging on people. This kind of life does not help a person to build up any self-respect.
14. These people think of the House of Commons as a place rather far away where some people are always quarreling and arguing over some small matter.
15. If a dictator comes to power, these people then will soon learn in the worst way that they were very wrong to ignore politics for they can now suddenly and for no reason be arrested and thrown into prison.
Ⅴ. See the translation of the text.
Ⅵ.
1. reservoir: a supply; especially an extra or reserve supply
2. draw on: obtain something from a reserve, store, etc.
3. shop steward, a person chosen by his fellow trade unionists in an instrial establishment to speak for them to the management and to watch over their interests
4. board, board of managers; governing board of a factory
5. scale, proportion ; relative dimensions
6. keep clear of- avoid, refrain from
7. overdraft: a)a withdrawal of money from a bank in excess of the amount credited to the drawer; b)the amount with-drawn in excess
8. catch, a deception ; surprise ; a hidden qualification ; tricky condition
9．walk—out：a strike(generally spontaneous and 0f a short ration)
1 O．van：the foremost position in a line，movement，field of endeavor，etc．
11．count：(1egal term)any of the charges in an indictment， each of which gives a reason and is sufficient for prosecution
12．junk：(colloquial)useless—or worthless stuff；trash；rubbish，etc．
13．articulate：expressing oneself easily and clearly
14．conforming to Madison Avenue：adapting to Admassian life styles as advocated by Madison Avenue
15．ungovernable：unruly；(hair)that is difficult to comb down
Ⅶ．
1．instinctive feeling指人生来就具有的感觉。rational feeling 指通过逻辑分析得出的感觉。
2．rational强调思考的能力，以及“思考”这样一种行为。rea— sonable强调思考所得出的结论。
3．odd指与众不同，有时含有古怪离奇的意思，一般用于形容 人或物。eccentric指深藏于人们身上的不正常的特点，一般用于形容性格特征。
4．instinct指不受主观意识控制、天生的对刺激物的反应能力。 如：Suckling is an instinct in human beings．(吸吮是人的本能。)intuition是指在通过某种不易觉察的思考对某事迅速作出理解的能力。如：His intuition told him he was right． (他的直觉告诉他自己是正确的。)
5．hostile to change指彻底反对变革，语气极重。deeply suspi— cious of change指怀疑、不相信变革。语气稍轻。
6．inept指愚笨，没有能力干好某事。shiftless指懒惰，不愿意干好某事。
7.slovenly强调的是粗心大意及懒惰而引起的“乱糟糟”，只要稍加注意便可克服。messy则强调积久成性的“邋遢”，语气较强。
8．pilfering指小偷小摸。robbery指通过暴力抢夺。shop lifting 专指购买东西时顺手牵羊。
9．refuse指直接拒绝，有时含有粗鲁之意。reject语气稍缓，指委婉拒绝。
Ⅷ．
1．be at their ease 2．remain loyal and firm to 3．dismissing or throwing away lightly 4．overworking 5．boasted and behaved in a superior manner 6．to win 7．to get out； leave 8．10afing around doing nothing 9．drink 10．people
Ⅸ．do—it—yourself；stay—at—homes；Fourth—of-July(bombast)； left—centre—right(stuff)；down—to—earth；left—of—centre(social criticism)；proctivity—per—man—hour(caper)；pay—as— you—go；do—o卜die(attempt)；point by—point(comparison)； time—and—motion(studies)etc．
Ⅹ．1．automobile 2．co—ecational or co—ecational student 3．examination 4．demonstration 5．gentlemen 6．homo— sexual 7．hydroelectric plant 8．kilogram 9．pornography or pornographic material 1 0．exposition 1 1．perambulator 12．promenade 13．tramroad or tramway 14．Trolleybus
Ⅺ．
1．Some destructive and malignant in their character has made these people lose their Englishness．
2．At least on the surface，when Englishness is put against to power and success of Admass，Englishness seems to put L11) a rather poor weak performance．Admass is like a poster painted in deep colors and Englishness is like a faint sketch drawn in pencil．
3．Englishness draws its strength from a reservoir of strong moral and ethical principles．and soon it may be asking for strength which this reservoir of principles cannot supply．
4．At present they only create disorder and confusion(1ike a hippopotamus going in and out of a tea party held by small tamed domesticated animals).
5. They do not have the old harsh discipline nor do they have the new self-discipline.
6. Englishness needs extra nourishment and other things to make it strong especially now because public life seems ready to weaken it.
7. These peope regard politics as a game of polo, as a game they themselves do not play.
8. If a dictator comes to power, these people then will soon learn in the worst way that they were very wrong to ignore politics for they can now suddenly and for no reason be arrested and thrown into prison. 9. Englishness cannot flourish on narrow logical reason.
10. The English should not have a national character that is not much different from those of other people [-having traits in common with other national characters is like entering the Common Market (of Europe)].
Ⅻ.
1. reservoir: History is a reservoir of human experience.
2. cancer: The increasing use of narcotics is a cancer in modern American society.
3. roots: He has no roots in society.
4. nourishment : These types of books give no nourishment to young people.
5. to feed : The teacher fed the students more and more of his ideas.
6. to starve : The motherless children were starving for affection.
ⅩⅢ.
1. The method of development used in this paragraph is that of analogy. Analogies are used to explain the unfamiliar in terms of the familiar. They are used to explain unfamiliar ideas or describe unfamiliar things in point-by-point corn- parison with something the reader is familiar with. In some ways, of course, analogies are simple similes or metaphors that have been stretched out. For instance, in this paragraph the writer creates a graphic verbal picture of an unfamiliar object, Ranger Vli, by drawing an analogy with the familiar dragonfly.
2. The method of development used in this paragraph is that of classification. A common and useful kind of logical order is classification. Classification works by sorting things into groups, by bringing together similar things to show what they have in common.
3. The method of development used in this paragraph is that of contrast. Contrast is used to analyze two (or more) things at the same time in order to show the differences.,
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时间：2023-10-24 22:35
