书面表达:世界残人日(12月3日)刚刚之过去,为了让同学们了解中国残疾人的...
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发布时间：2022-05-26 03:49
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时间：2024-08-05 13:26
Background
In China, a disabled person is defined as one who suffers from abnormalities of loss of a
certain organ or function, psychologically or physiologically, or in anatomical structure
and has lost wholly or in part the ability to perform an activity in the way considered
normal. The term disabled persons refers to those with visual, hearing, speech or physical
disabilities, intellectual disabilities, psychiatric disabilities, multiple disabilities and/or
other disabilities.
Over the past two decades, a series of positive legislative and administrative action has
been developed for the purpose of improving the living conditions and social status of
people with disabilities in the country. The Constitution (enacted in 1982 and amended in
1988, 1993, 1999 and 2004) provides a general principle on protection of people with
disabilities. The Law on the Protection of Disabled Persons (enacted in 1991 and amended
in 2008) is of significant importance to safeguard the rights of people with disabilities. It
addresses issues of rehabilitation, education, employment, cultural life, welfare, access,
and legal liability, etc. The amendment added details about stable financial support, better
medical care and rehabilitation for the disabled, along with favorable jobs and tax policies.
The Employment Regulation and the Education Regulation for people with disabilities
were adopted in 2007 and in 1994 respectively to promote equality, participation and
sharing, as well as to prohibit discrimination.
In addition, more than 50 national laws contain specific provisions concerning people with
disabilities, including the new Law on Employment Promotion. China is also advocating
and supporting international standards to protect and promote the rights of people with
disabilities in a comprehensive manner. The Chinese Government has ratified the ILO
Convention No. 159 on Vocational Training and Employment (Disabled Persons) in 1988,
and the UN Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities in 2008, to enable people
with disabilities to secure, retain and advance in suitable employment and to further
integration or reintegration into society.
The Government has established a quota system that requires all public and private
employers to reserve no less than 1.5% of job opportunities for persons with disabilities, in
accordance with specific regulations established by local provincial governments. Those
who fail to meet the required quota must pay a fee to the Disabled Persons Employment
Security Fund, which in turn supports vocational training and job-placement services for
people with disabilities. The taxation authorities and disabled peoples organizations are
involved in the process of monitoring. Through initiatives such as tax incentives and
financial, technical and other resource assistance, the Government supports welfare
enterprises that recruit employees with disabilities and encourages people with disabilities
to engage in self-employment. Poverty alleviation for people with disabilities is an
important part of the National Programme on Poverty Alleviation (2001-2010). A special
Poverty Alleviation Programme for disable persons living in rural areas (2001-2010) has
been worked out to mobilize all sectors to help disabled shake off poverty.
