三字经英文版
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发布时间：2022-05-07 15:12
共2个回答
热心网友
时间：2022-06-30 11:22
Men at their birth, are naturally good.
人生之初，禀性（本来）（都）是善良的，
解释：
英语译成汉语时，主语Men 与 at their birth 合起来一起译，起状语的作用；而 naturally 原为副词起状语的作用，倒变成了名词作为主语来用。这种翻译手法在翻译技巧中称为“转换”Conversion。括号里的词语（本来）（都）是为了符合目标语的行文习惯或译出原文中隐藏的意思另加进去的。这称为“增益”Amplification，也是一种重要的翻译技巧。
Their natures are much the same; 他们的天性也都相差不多，
their habits become widely different. （只是后天所处的环境不同和所受的教育程度不同），（彼此的）理性才形成了差别。
解释：括号内句子或词语为“增益”。
苟不教 性乃迁 教之道 贵以专
If foolishly there is no teaching, the nature will deteriorate.
如果（对幼儿）不（严加）教育，（幼儿善良的）禀性就（将随环境）改变（坏）。
The right way in teaching is to attach the utmost importance in thoroughness.
教育（一个人按照人的本性发展的）方法，贵在使他（专心致志），始终（努力上进）。
注意事项：
括号内的字句是在英语译成汉语时常用的技巧，叫做增益（Amplification），是为了符合于汉语行文的习惯或表达出原文中隐藏的含义而增加的。在汉语译为英语时也一样可用。“贵”字是由(importance)转换而来。“转换”的技巧上文已提过，不再重复介绍。
昔孟母 择邻处 子不学 断机杼
Of old, the mother of Mencius chose a neighborhood
从前，孟子的母亲（为了使孟子能在一个良好的环境中学有专长），曾（三次）搬迁。
and when her child would not learn, she broke the shuttle from the loom.
孟子不努力学习，孟母就生气地割断（正在织布的）纱线，（以此教诫孟子只有日积月累地学习，方有进益。）
窦燕山 有义方 教五子 名俱扬
Tou of the Swallow Hills had the right method
（五代）窦禹钧（教诲儿子）有良好的方法。
He taught five son, each of whom raised the family reputation.
他（所教导）的五个儿子，（学而优则仕，）美名远扬（天下。）
养不教 父之过 教不严 师之惰
To feed without teaching, is the father's fault.
（ 生养了）子女（却）不加以教诲，（这是）做父亲的过错。
To teach without severity, is the teacher's laziness.
教育（学生）不能因为（老师的）懒惰而不严格（要求。）
子不学 非所宜 幼不学 老何为
If the child does not learn, this is not as it should be.
少年儿童不(努力)学习,(从社会发展角度讲)是不应该的。
讲解:
括号里的内容是增益.This=从社会发展角度讲If he does not learn while young, what will he be when old ? 如果一个人在年少的时候不读书不学习,那么到老的时候还能有所作为吗?
讲解:在“while young”及“ when old ”之间省略了he is。这种翻译技巧称为“省略法”。在有些从句中可以省略句中的主语及be 动词。在译成另一种语言时往往把含义补回来。我们不妨可以“增益”一下。
玉不琢 不成器 人不学 不知义
If jade is not polished, it cannot become a thing of use.
美玉如果不（经过）雕刻打磨，就不可能变成（精美的）玉器。
解说：英语的词序原先是“如果美玉……”，现译为汉语词序变为：“美玉如果”。在双语对译时把词序重新安排调整，这种翻译技巧叫做“词序调整”（Inversion）。也是一种常见的翻译技巧。调整的目的是为了更接近目标语的行文习惯，避免过分生硬。
If a man does not learn, he cannot know his ty towards his neighbor.
（少年）人如果不（努力）读书学习，就不会懂得（为人民服务及济世救国的）道理。
为人子 方少时 亲师友 习礼仪
He who is the son of a man, when he is young, should attach himself to his teachers and friends; and practise ceremonial usages.
为人后代，当少年之时，（应当）亲近老师（和长者），广交贤友（和仁者），讲习礼节（道德）之事宜。
注解：
英语用一个长句翻译了原汉语的四个短句，我称之为“并句或合句”，(Unification)。把英语的长句译成汉语时我们常常用分句拆开来译，也就是“长句拆译”（Division）。此外，这里还涉及到另一重要的翻译技巧“分清主从”（Subordination）。实际上，在翻译过程中，特别是翻译长句时，经常需要把各种翻译技巧结合起来使用，才能产生出“信、达、雅”的产品。有人说翻译工作就是对原创作品进行美化加工，这在一定程度上是有道理的。当然不能背离原著的基本思想。大作家的作品往往有多种译本，或许是与这个有关吧！
香九龄 能温席 孝於亲 所当执
Hsiang, at nine years of age, could warm (his parent's) bed.
黄香九岁（的时候）（就懂得孝敬父母亲），（在天寒地冻时）用自己的身体将（父母的）枕席温暖（后再请父母安寝。）
注解：括号内那么多的内容都是“增益”。可见“增益”这种翻译技巧是十分重要的。要求从事文学的翻译工作者不仅仅精通两国语言，对两个国家的概况，历史、风俗习惯及地理气候等都要通晓（至少有一定的了解）。其他方面的知识也应该多多益善！所以也不妨说从事翻译的人是位杂家！
Filial piety towards parents, is that to which we should hold fast. 孝敬父母，就是我们应当向黄香学习的思想品德。
注解：我选用“思想品德”这四个字，是为了较精确地译出这个含含糊糊的“that”这个词。常常为了求得一个比较稳妥的字眼，译者有时不得不沉思默想。这时的艰难窘境可以用“反复推敲”来形容。这种翻译技巧称为“选词用字”(Diction)。只有经过“山穷水尽疑无路”的人，才可能享受到“柳暗花明又一村”的狂喜！
融四岁 能让梨 弟於长 宜先知
Jung, at four years of age, could yield the (bigger) pears.
孔融四岁的时候，（就）能（从容）将大的梨子出让（其兄长）。
To behave as a younger brother towards elders, is one of the first things to know.
弟弟尊敬兄长，这个（人世间的道理）应当（在年少时就）要知道。
注解：
如果按照英语的句式直译出来，大家往往会译成：“弟弟尊敬兄长，这是（在年少时就）要知道的首要事情之一。”意思是不会错的，但总会使人感到很生硬。如果是中学生译成这样的句子，评卷教师或许不会扣分。但如果是翻译资格证书考试的话，我猜想一定会被扣分的，说不定还扣得比较重。所以才会有“转换”（Conversion）这种翻译技巧的适当运用来解决上述问题。转换不仅仅是词性的转换，（以前我介绍过）也包括句式的转换。
首孝弟 次见闻 知某数 识某文
Begin with filial piety and fraternal love, and then see and hear . 人生的首要大事是孝敬父母，尊敬兄长，其次是多实践于天下大事，博闻古今之理。
Learn to count, and learn to read. 知晓数理之道，通解古今圣贤之识。
一而十 十而百 百而千 千而万
units and tens, then tens and hundreds, hundreds and thousands, thousands and then tens of thousands.
数字单位从一（之始），接下去（十个一为）十，（十个十为）百，（十个百为）千，（十个千为）万。注解：注意连词“and”的用法。不能都译为“和”。
三才者 天地人 三光者 日月星
The three forces, are heaven, earth and man.
The three luminaries, are the sun, the moon and the stars.
三纲者 君臣义 父子亲 夫妇顺
The three bonds, are the obligation between sovereign and subject, the love between father and child, the harmony between husband and wife.
曰春夏 曰秋冬 此四时 运不穷
We speak of spring and summer, we speak of autumn and winter,
These four seasons, revolve without ceasing.
曰南北 曰西东 此四方 应乎中
We speak of North and South, we speak of East and West,
These four points, respond to the requirements of the centre.
热心网友
时间：2022-06-30 11:23
If foolishly there is no teaching, the nature will deteriorate.
The right way in teaching is to attach the utmost importance in thoroughness.
Of old, the mother of Mencius chose a neighborhood
and when her child would not learn, she broke the shuttle from the loom.
Tou of the Swallow Hills had the right method
He taught five son, each of whom raised the family reputation.
To feed without teaching, is the father's fault.
To teach without severity, is the teacher's laziness.
If the child does not learn, this is not as it should be.
If jade is not polished, it cannot become a thing of use.
If a man does not learn, he cannot know his ty towards his neighbor.
He who is the son of a man, when he is young, should attach himself to his teachers and friends; and practise ceremonial usages.
Hsiang, at nine years of age, could warm (his parent's) bed.
Jung, at four years of age, could yield the (bigger) pears.
To behave as a younger brother towards elders, is one of the first things to know.
Begin with filial piety and fraternal love, and then see and hear .
Learn to count, and learn to read.
units and tens, then tens and hundreds, hundreds and thousands, thousands and then tens of thousands.
The three forces, are heaven, earth and man.
The three luminaries, are the sun, the moon and the stars.
The three bonds, are the obligation between sovereign and subject, the love between father and child, the harmony between husband and wife.
We speak of spring and summer, we speak of autumn and winter,
These four seasons, revolve without ceasing.
We speak of North and South, we speak of East and West,
These four points, respond to the requirements of the centre.
