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mysql中如果我有一个字段是varchar(200)与varchar(30)，都储存字符串"hello"，那么占用的空间是不是一样

发布网友 发布时间：2022-05-06 18:03

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共5个回答

懂视网 时间：2022-05-06 22:24

准备数据 sysbench --test=oltp --oltp-nontrx-mode=update_key --mysql-table-engine=innodb --oltp-table-size=1000000 --mysql-socket=/tmp/mysql3392.sock --mysql-user=dba --mysql-host=localhost --mysql-password=localdba --db-driver=mysql --mysq

准备数据

sysbench --test=oltp --oltp-nontrx-mode=update_key --mysql-table-engine=innodb --oltp-table-size=1000000 --mysql-socket=/tmp/mysql3392.sock --mysql-user=dba --mysql-host=localhost --mysql-password=localdba --db-driver=mysql --mysql-db=test prepare

mysql> desc sbtest;
+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(10) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| k | int(10) unsigned | NO | MUL | 0 | |
| c | char(120) | NO | | | |
| pad | char(60) | NO | | | |
+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

mysql> select count(c) from sbtest;
+----------+
| count(c) |
+----------+
| 1000000 |
+----------+

char的情况下：：：

mysql> desc select * from sbtest order by pad;
+----+-------------+--------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+---------+----------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+--------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+---------+----------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | sbtest | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 1000126 | Using filesort |
+----+-------------+--------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+---------+----------------+

mysql> set profiling = 1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select count(*) from sbtest order by pad;
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
| 1000000 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.53 sec)

mysql> show profiles;
+----------+------------+------------------------------------------+
| Query_ID | Duration | Query |
+----------+------------+------------------------------------------+
| 1 | 0.53102850 | select count(*) from sbtest order by pad |
+----------+------------+------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)

mysql> show profile cpu,block io for query 1;
+----------------------+----------+----------+------------+--------------+---------------+
| Status | Duration | CPU_user | CPU_system | Block_ops_in | Block_ops_out |
+----------------------+----------+----------+------------+--------------+---------------+
| starting | 0.000127 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| checking permissions | 0.000017 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| Opening tables | 0.000042 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| System lock | 0.000022 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| init | 0.000038 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| optimizing | 0.000011 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| statistics | 0.000022 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| preparing | 0.000017 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| executing | 0.000014 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| Sending data | 0.530471 | 0.502923 | 0.018997 | 32 | 0 |
| end | 0.000034 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| query end | 0.000010 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| closing tables | 0.000025 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| freeing items | 0.000037 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| logging slow query | 0.000004 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| logging slow query | 0.000128 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 8 |
| cleaning up | 0.000012 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
+----------------------+----------+----------+------------+--------------+---------------+

/////char　change to varchar

mysql> alter table sbtest change pad pad varchar(60);
Query OK, 1000000 rows affected (10.72 sec)
Records: 1000000 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> select pad from sbtest limit 30;
+----------------------------------------------------+
| pad |
+----------------------------------------------------+
| qqqqqqqqqqwwwwwwwwwweeeeeeeeeerrrrrrrrrrtttttttttt |
| qqqqqqqqqqwwwwwwwwwweeeeeeeeeerrrrrrrrrrtttttttttt |
| qqqqqqqqqqwwwwwwwwwweeeeeeeeeerrrrrrrrrrtttttttttt |
| qqqqqqqqqqwwwwwwwwwweeeeeeeeeerrrrrrrrrrtttttttttt |
| qqqqqqqqqqwwwwwwwwwweeeeeeeeeerrrrrrrrrrtttttttttt |
| qqqqqqqqqqwwwwwwwwwweeeeeeeeeerrrrrrrrrrtttttttttt |
| qqqqqqqqqqwwwwwwwwwweeeeeeeeeerrrrrrrrrrtttttttttt |
| qqqqqqqqqqwwwwwwwwwweeeeeeeeeerrrrrrrrrrtttttttttt |
| qqqqqqqqqqwwwwwwwwwweeeeeeeeeerrrrrrrrrrtttttttttt |
| qqqqqqqqqqwwwwwwwwwweeeeeeeeeerrrrrrrrrrtttttttttt |
| qqqqqqqqqqwwwwwwwwwweeeeeeeeeerrrrrrrrrrtttttttttt |
| qqqqqqqqqqwwwwwwwwwweeeeeeeeeerrrrrrrrrrtttttttttt |
| qqqqqqqqqqwwwwwwwwwweeeeeeeeeerrrrrrrrrrtttttttttt |
| qqqqqqqqqqwwwwwwwwwweeeeeeeeeerrrrrrrrrrtttttttttt |
| qqqqqqqqqqwwwwwwwwwweeeeeeeeeerrrrrrrrrrtttttttttt |
| qqqqqqqqqqwwwwwwwwwweeeeeeeeeerrrrrrrrrrtttttttttt |
| qqqqqqqqqqwwwwwwwwwweeeeeeeeeerrrrrrrrrrtttttttttt |

mysql> desc sbtest;
+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(10) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| k | int(10) unsigned | NO | MUL | 0 | |
| c | char(120) | NO | | | |
| pad | varchar(60) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝无索引的情况下：＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝

varchar(60)的情况下：　

mysql> desc select * from sbtest order by pad;
+----+-------------+--------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+---------+----------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+--------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+---------+----------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | sbtest | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 1000117 | Using filesort |
+----+-------------+--------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+---------+----------------+

mysql> select count(*) from sbtest order by pad;
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
| 1000000 |
+----------+

1 row in set (0.51 sec)

mysql> show profile cpu,block io for query 11;
+----------------------+----------+----------+------------+--------------+---------------+
| Status | Duration | CPU_user | CPU_system | Block_ops_in | Block_ops_out |
+----------------------+----------+----------+------------+--------------+---------------+
| starting | 0.000081 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| checking permissions | 0.000014 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| Opening tables | 0.000033 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| System lock | 0.000025 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| init | 0.000028 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| optimizing | 0.000009 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| statistics | 0.000019 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| preparing | 0.000013 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| executing | 0.000011 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| Sending data | 0.506327 | 0.489925 | 0.018997 | 0 | 0 |
| end | 0.000026 | 0.001000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| query end | 0.000010 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| closing tables | 0.000022 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| freeing items | 0.000034 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| logging slow query | 0.000003 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| logging slow query | 0.000114 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 8 |
| cleaning up | 0.000009 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
+----------------------+----------+----------+------------+--------------+---------------+

varchar(120)的情况下：　

mysql> alter table sbtest change pad pad varchar(120);
Query OK, 1000000 rows affected (11.77 sec)
Records: 1000000 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> desc sbtest;
+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(10) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| k | int(10) unsigned | NO | MUL | 0 | |
| c | char(120) | NO | | | |
| pad | varchar(120) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

mysql> desc select * from sbtest;
+----+-------------+--------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+---------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+--------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+---------+-------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | sbtest | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 1000117 | |
+----+-------------+--------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+---------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> desc select count(*) from sbtest;
+----+-------------+--------+-------+---------------+------+---------+------+---------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+--------+-------+---------------+------+---------+------+---------+-------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | sbtest | index | NULL | k | 4 | NULL | 1000117 | Using index |
+----+-------------+--------+-------+---------------+------+---------+------+---------+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)


mysql> select count(*) from sbtest order by pad;
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
| 1000000 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.51 sec)

mysql> show profile cpu,block io for query 17;
+----------------------+----------+----------+------------+--------------+---------------+
| Status | Duration | CPU_user | CPU_system | Block_ops_in | Block_ops_out |
+----------------------+----------+----------+------------+--------------+---------------+
| starting | 0.000073 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| checking permissions | 0.000013 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| Opening tables | 0.000031 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| System lock | 0.000024 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| init | 0.000026 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| optimizing | 0.000008 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| statistics | 0.000019 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| preparing | 0.000013 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| executing | 0.000011 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| Sending data | 0.510981 | 0.491925 | 0.018997 | 0 | 0 |
| end | 0.000025 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| query end | 0.000013 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| closing tables | 0.000026 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| freeing items | 0.000039 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| logging slow query | 0.000004 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| logging slow query | 0.000110 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 8 |
| cleaning up | 0.000007 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
+----------------------+----------+----------+------------+--------------+---------------+

＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝有索引的情况下：＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝

alter table sbtest change pad pad varchar(60);

mysql> alter table sbtest add key(pad);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (7.60 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> show index from sbtest;
+--------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| Table | Non_unique | Key_name | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment | Index_comment |
+--------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| sbtest | 0 | PRIMARY | 1 | id | A | 1000117 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | |
| sbtest | 1 | k | 1 | k | A | 6 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | |
| sbtest | 1 | pad | 1 | pad | A | 200 | NULL | NULL | YES | BTREE | | |
+--------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+

varchar(60)

mysql> desc select count(*) from sbtest order by pad;
+----+-------------+--------+-------+---------------+------+---------+------+---------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+--------+-------+---------------+------+---------+------+---------+-------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | sbtest | index | NULL | pad | 183 | NULL | 1000117 | Using index |
+----+-------------+--------+-------+---------------+------+---------+------+---------+-------------+


mysql> select count(*) from sbtest order by pad;
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
| 1000000 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.44 sec)

mysql> show profile cpu,block io for query 1
-> ;
+----------------------+----------+----------+------------+--------------+---------------+
| Status | Duration | CPU_user | CPU_system | Block_ops_in | Block_ops_out |
+----------------------+----------+----------+------------+--------------+---------------+
| starting | 0.000115 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| checking permissions | 0.000017 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| Opening tables | 0.000043 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| System lock | 0.000023 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| init | 0.000038 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| optimizing | 0.000010 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| statistics | 0.000024 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| preparing | 0.000018 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| executing | 0.000015 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| Sending data | 0.445040 | 0.428935 | 0.015998 | 0 | 0 |
| end | 0.000023 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| query end | 0.000013 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| closing tables | 0.000028 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| freeing items | 0.000041 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| logging slow query | 0.000003 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| logging slow query | 0.000133 | 0.000000 | 0.001000 | 0 | 8 |
| cleaning up | 0.000008 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
+----------------------+----------+----------+------------+--------------+---------------+

varchar(120)的:

mysql> alter table sbtest change pad pad varchar(120);
Query OK, 1000000 rows affected (14.56 sec)
Records: 1000000 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> show index from sbtest;
+--------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| Table | Non_unique | Key_name | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment | Index_comment |
+--------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| sbtest | 0 | PRIMARY | 1 | id | A | 1000117 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | |
| sbtest | 1 | k | 1 | k | A | 6 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | |
| sbtest | 1 | pad | 1 | pad | A | 24 | NULL | NULL | YES | BTREE | | |
+--------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+

这里开始有区别了.Cardinality 从200降到24

varchar(120) Cardinality =200
varchar(60) Cardinality =40 ... 字段是全部60char长度的


mysql> desc select count(*) from sbtest order by pad;
+----+-------------+--------+-------+---------------+------+---------+------+---------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+--------+-------+---------------+------+---------+------+---------+-------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | sbtest | index | NULL | pad | 363 | NULL | 1000117 | Using index |
+----+-------------+--------+-------+---------------+------+---------+------+---------+-------------+

mysql> select count(*) from sbtest order by pad;
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
| 1000000 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.45 sec)

mysql> show profile cpu,block io for query 8;
+----------------------+----------+----------+------------+--------------+---------------+
| Status | Duration | CPU_user | CPU_system | Block_ops_in | Block_ops_out |
+----------------------+----------+----------+------------+--------------+---------------+
| starting | 0.000120 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| checking permissions | 0.000017 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| Opening tables | 0.000046 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| System lock | 0.000028 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| init | 0.000038 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| optimizing | 0.000011 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| statistics | 0.000023 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| preparing | 0.000018 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| executing | 0.000013 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| Sending data | 0.452434 | 0.437933 | 0.014998 | 0 | 0 |
| end | 0.000025 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| query end | 0.000010 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| closing tables | 0.000023 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| freeing items | 0.000033 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| logging slow query | 0.000003 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
| logging slow query | 0.000098 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 8 |
| cleaning up | 0.000007 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0 | 0 |
+----------------------+----------+----------+------------+--------------+---------------+

这里也有区别了.有索引的情况下,

是0.44 pk 0.45s

=====================================================================================================

加到varchar(600)试下

mysql> alter table sbtest change pad pad varchar(600);
Query OK, 1000000 rows affected, 2 warnings (14.60 sec)
Records: 1000000 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 2


mysql> desc select count(*) from sbtest order by pad;
+----+-------------+--------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+---------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+--------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+---------+-------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | sbtest | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 1000117 | |
+----+-------------+--------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+---------+-------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> select count(*) from sbtest order by pad;
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
| 1000000 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.50 sec)

600是0.5s....

热心网友 时间：2022-05-06 19:32

varchar是变长的，所以，你varchar(20)，varchar(200)，varchar(5)都用来存'hello'，是一样的。
换成char(20)， char(200)就不一样了。
char是定长，更占空间，但是检索速度更快，适合于规定长度的字段，比如身份证号，char(18)比varchar(18)要好。

热心网友 时间：2022-05-06 20:50

您好，都一样的，经过测试，只是显示出来的长度不一样，空间都是一的

热心网友 时间：2022-05-06 22:25

硬盘中相同：均为 5字节("hello") + 1字节(表示字符数) = 6字节
内存中不同：mysql通常会分配固定大小的内存块来保存内部值，varchar(200)消耗的内存空间明显大于varchar(30)

热心网友 时间：2022-05-07 00:16

最好根据字段值的大小，设置合理的范围
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