谁有定语从句的语法?
发布网友
发布时间：2024-08-17 10:09
共2个回答
热心网友
时间：2024-08-22 09:24
希望有用。
http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/159241601.html?si=1
热心网友
时间：2024-08-22 09:26
贡献给你了
祝你进步
一. 定语从句的概念
用一个主谓结构完整的句子作定语(定语的两种形式adj+n/n+定语从句)，修饰前面的名词，代词，短语，甚至是整个句子的从句。简单来说就是把从句放在某个单词/词组/句子后面来对其进行修饰。
二. 两个首先必须明确的概念： 先行词和关系词
Kung Fu Panda is the best cartoon movie (先行词) that/which (关系词) I have watched this year.
注意：先行词未必永远都是定语从句之前的那一个单词，有的时候先行词与定语从句之间插入了别的成份，这个时候就必须通过上下文意思来寻找先行词。
(阅读) There has been a significant increase in the number of women with dependent children who are in the paid workforce in Australia.
Q: Which group of people has seen a significant increase in number in Australia?
三. 定语从句的分类
定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两大类。
限制性定语从句： England was one of the first countries where scientists adopted and publicized Copernican ideas (哥白尼学说) with enthusiasm.
(剑桥5 Test2 Reading Passage3)
(阅读) One new keyboard included keys which produced letters which frequently occur together in English, like –ing and –th and –ed, so the word “thing” would take two strokes to write instead of five.
特点: (1). 从句对先行词起限制作用，说明先行词必须如此，不能超出这个限制。先行词往往属于“集合”而非“元素”,并且它所表示的内容往往与先行词关系密切，必不可少。少了它，句子往往就会成为一句废话。
(2). 关系词引导的定语从句和先行词之间绝对没有逗号隔开。
非限制性定语从句： Such expansion, which was to take the English language west to America and east to India, was supported by scientific developments such as
the discovery of magnetism(磁力).
(阅读) It is very likely that the key board, which we have used for over a century, will soon be replaced by voice-activated computers which take dictation (听写) as we speak to them.
Tip: 在阅读中，遇到__________________定语从句可以先忽略不看，先看句子的主干。
特点: (1). 非限制性定语从句往往是对先行词(一般为“元素”)作进一步的解释和补充说明。如果把非限制性定语从句从句子中去掉，整个句子的意思不会受到很大影响。
(2). 关系词引导的定语从句和先行词之间绝对有逗号隔开。
The metal industry was established at Riverside Village by __________ who lived in the area.
定语从句和先行词之间有没有逗号，会直接决定句子意思的不同。试比较以下两个句子意思的不同：
1. In terms of exceptions, scientists refer to the waves which are too small individually to consider.
2. In terms of exceptions, scientists refer to the waves, which are too small individually to consider.
(写作)不少人认为如今被人们广泛使用的电脑未来总有一天将会彻底取代电视机。
Quite a number of people believe that televisions will be replaced by computers___
_______________________________________________________________________________注意：这个句子必须用____________________定语从句表示。由此看出在雅思写作和口语中描述事务的特性往往用它来表示。
四. 不同关系词的用法
1. 关系代词which的用法
(口语) What is your favorite spare time activity?
I usually choose to relax myself by watching American TV series in my spare time, ______________________________________________________________________________.
(口语) Do young people in your country live by themselves or with their parents?
As far as I know, many people of my age live with their parents not because they want to but because they have to. ______________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
(口语) What leisure activities are popular in your country?
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
由which引导的非限制性定语从句，其先行词对应的不仅可以是一个词或短语，也可以是主句的一部分甚至一个完整的句子。而在限制性定语从句中which就绝对不能用于修饰一个句子。
例句：(口语) My brother is a book-worm, when deeply absorbed in his books, which
he often is, he will forget about everything.
(口语) I am quite an outgoing person, which my brother is not.
(阅读) Fathers spend less time in housework and childcare, which is regarded by some scientists as a major contributor to the stress-related anxiety of employed
mothers.
(写作) 要解决交通问题，我们首先要解决的第一个问题就是日益增加的私车数量，我认为这是造成交通问题的最主要原因。
To solve the traffic problem, ___________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. 由who/whom/whose引导的定语从句
用法：当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时用who，作宾语，表语时用whom,表示所属关系时用whose。 它们所引导的定语从句既可以是限制性定语从句也可以是非限制性定语从句。
(口语) Describe your idol.
My idol is Jay,________________________________________________________________.
My idol is Jay, ________________________________________________________________.
My idol is Jay, ________________________________________________________________.
(口语) Describe a person that you respect the most.
我的父亲是一个教了30多年书的教师，他是我最尊敬的人。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
(口语) (1) Rain is a Korean Singer. (2). I appreciate him very much. (3). His popularity is second to none in Asia.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. 关系词when的用法
When引导的定语从句通常用在表示时间的名词或短语如time, year, day后面，它引导的定语从句既可以是限制性也可以是非限制性定语从句。
例句： (口语) Describe an important Chinese festival.
Spring Festival is the time when all the family members come back home and get together in China. (限制性定语从句)
In China, the most important traditional festival is Spring Festival, when all the family members would come back home and get together. (非限制性定语从句)
错误观念：凡是先行词是time/day等时间概念，关系词就一定是when。
(1). 我永远忘不了我第一次见到她的那一天。
I will never forget the day when I met her for the first time.
(2). 我永远忘不了我在上海和她度过的那些日子。
I will never forget the days when I spent with her in Shanghai. (X)
练习： (口语) Describe a day that is special to you.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
(口语) At what age do people in your country get married?
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. 关系词where的用法
关系词where引导的定语从句通常用在表示地点的名词或短语后，如place, the city等。
它引导的定语从句既可以是限制性的也可以是非限制性的。
例句：（阅读）Nylon is a very tough synthetic fiber (人造纤维) first developed in the 1930s, and bearing a name to remind the hearer of the two places where it was developed: NY for New York and Lon for London.
(阅读) The power plants are usually located outside the city, where air quality problems are less serious.
(口语) Do you spend your free time with other people?
Yes. Sometimes I would invite my friends to have a cup of coffee in Starbucks, ____
_______________________________________________________________________________
(口语) Talk about a shopping center you are familiar with.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
五. 定语从句的变形形式
1. be动词定语从句的变形
如果关系词which/who/that在定语从句中做主语，后面跟的谓语动词是be动词，则可以将关系词和be动词一起省略。这种用法在雅思阅读和写作中非常普遍。
(阅读/剑6Test3 Reading Passage3) Scientists are seeking a drug (which is) able to prolong life.
2. 实义动词定语从句的变形
关系词which/who/that在定语从句中作主语且紧跟在其后的谓语动词为实义动词时，可以省略关系词，此时谓语动词变为ing分词。
(剑5/Test4/Task2) Research, relating to identical twins, has highlighted (突显出) how significant inherited characteristics can be for an individual’s life.
定语从句变形形式的特点：(1). 只能用于关系词在定语从句中作主语的情况。
(2). 特别适合用于多重定语从句
