​2019年大学英语四级考试阅读理解模拟试题

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　　英语四级中最多的也就是阅读理解了，来看看我为你准备的2019年大学英语四级考试阅读理解模拟试题，希望能帮助到你，预祝你考试顺利。

　　Sign has become a scientific hot button. Only in the past 20 years have specialists in language study realized that signed languages are unique—a speech of the hand. They offer a new way to probe how the brain generates and understands language, and throw new light on an old scientific controversy: whether language,complete with grammar, is something that we are born With, or whether it is a learned behavior. The current interest in sign language has roots in the pioneering work of one rebel teacher at Gallaudet University in Washington, D. C., the world’s only liberal arts university for deaf people.

　　When Bill Stokoe went to Gallaudet to teach English, the school enrolled him in a course in signing. But Stokoe noticed something odd: among themselves, students signed differently from his classroom teacher.

　　Stokoe had been taught a sort of gestural code, each movement of the hands representing a word in English.At the time, American Sign Language (ASL) was thought to be no more than a form of pidgin English (混杂英语). But Stokoe believed the “hand talk”his students used looked richer. He wondered: Might deaf people actually: have a genuine language? And could that language be unlike any other on Earth? It was 1955, wheneven deaf people dismissed their signing as“substandard”. Stokoe’s idea was academic heresy (异端邪说).

　　It is 37 years later. Stokoe—now devoting his time to writing and editing books and journals and to producing video materials on ASL and the deaf culture—is having lunch at a cafe near the Gallaudet campus and explaining how he started a revolution. For decades educators fought his idea that signed languages are natural languages like English, French and Japanese. They assumed language must be based on speech, the modulation (调节) of sound. But sign language is based on the movement of hands, the modulation of space. “What I said,” Stokoe explains, “is that language is not mouth stuff—it’s brain stuff.”

　　练习题：

　　Choose correct answers to the question:

　　1. The study of sign language is thought to be ________.

　　A. a new way to look at the learning of language

　　B. a challenge to traditional, views on the nature of language

　　C. an approach: to simplifying the grammatical structure of a language

　　D. an attempt to clarify misunderstanding about the origin of language

　　2. The present growing interest in sign language was stimulated by _______.

　　A. a famous scholar in the study of the human brain

　　B. a leading specialist in the study of liberal arts

　　C. an English teacher in a university for the deaf

　　D. some senior experts in American Sign Language

　　3. According to Stokoe, sign language is ________.

　　A. a Substandard language

　　B. a genuine language

　　C. an artificial language

　　D. an international language

　　4. Most educators objected to Stokoe’s idea because they thought ________.

　　A. sign language was not extensively used even by deaf people

　　B. sign language was too artificial to be widely accepted

　　C. a language should be easy to use and understand

　　D. a language could only exist in the form of speech sounds

　　5. Stokoe’s argument is based on his belief that ________.

　　A. sign language is as efficient as any other language

　　B. sign language is derived from natural language

　　C. language is a system of meaningful codes

　　D. language is a product of the brain

　　参考答案及解析

　　1.[B] 从文章第3句“手语提供了一种新方法，用以探索大脑如何产生和理解语言，并为一个长期以来的科学争端——语言(连同语法)究竟是我们与生俱来的，还是一种我们后天学会的行为——提出了新的解释”可以看出，这是对语言的性质的传统观点的挑战，即B 。A错在learning,文章并不是在讨论语言的学习，而是语言的产生和理解;C为简单原词干扰D;中的an attempt to clarify misunderstanding是对throw new light on an old scientific controversy的曲解，因为controversy不等于misunderstanding。另外，第1段最后一句中的rebel“反叛”一词也与B中的“挑战”一致。

　　2.[C] 根据第1段最后一句可知，选C。题干中的was stimulated相当于原文中的has roots in。

　　3.[B] 根据第3段第2—4句以及最后一段第3句，可知B为答案。前者提出猜想(Might deaf people actually have a genuine language?)，后者含有一个同位语 his idea that signed languages are natural languages。

　　4.[D] 根据最后一段第4句，可知D正确。D中的only exist in the form of speech sounds是对原文中be based on speech的同义表达。

　　5.[D] 根据文章最后一句，可知D正确。D中的a product of the brain是对原文中brain stuff的同义表达。B中的derived from错误，因为Stokoe认为sign language就是一种natural language。

　　When families gather for Christmas dinner, some will stick to formal traditions dating back to Grandma’s generation. Their tables will be set with the good dishes and silver, and the dress code will be Sunday-best.

　　But in many other homes, this china--and--silver elegance has given way to stoneware (粗陶)--and--stainless informality, with dresses assuming an equally casual--Friday look. For hosts and guests, the change means greater simplicity and comfort. For makers of fine china in Britain, it spells economic hard times.

　　Last week Royal Doulton, the largest employer in Stoke-onTrent, announced that it is eliminating 1,000 jobs--one-fifth of its total workforce. That brings to more than 4,000 the number of positions lost in 18 months in the pottery (陶瓷) region. Wedgwood and other pottery factories made cuts earlier.

　　Although a strong pound and weak markets in Asia play a role in the downsizing, the layoffs in Stoke have their roots in earthshaking social shifts. A spokesman for Royal Doulton admitted that the company “has been somewhat slow in catching up with the trend”toward casual dining. Families eat together less often, he explained, and more people eat alone, either because they are single or they eat in front of television.

　　Even dinner parties, if they happen at all, have gone causal. In a time of long work hours and demanding family schedules, busy hosts insist, rightly, that it’s better to share a takeout pizza on paper plates inthe family room than to wait for the perfect moment or a “real” dinner party. Too often, the perfect moment never comes, Iron a fine-pattened tablecloth? Forget it. Polish the silver? Who has time?

　　Yet the loss of formality has its down side. The fine points of etiquette(礼节) that children might once have learned at the table by observation or instruction from parents and grandparents(“Chew with your mouth closed.”“keep your elbows off the table.”)must be picked up elsewhere. Some companies now offer etiquette seminars for employees who may be competent professionally but clueless socially.

　　练习题：

　　Choose correct answers to the question:

　　1.The trend toward casual dining has resulted in ______

　　A. bankruptcy of fine china manufacturers

　　B. Shrinking of the pottery industry

　　C. restructuring of large enterprises

　　D. Economic recession in Great Britain

　　2.Which of the following may be the best reason for casual dining?

　　A. Family members need more time to relax.

　　B. Busy schedules leave people no time for formality.

　　C. People want to practice economy in times of scarcity.

　　D. Young people won’t follow the etiquette of the older generation.

　　3.It can be learned from the passage that Royal Doulton is _______

　　A. a retailer of stainless steel tableware

　　B. a dealer in stoneware

　　C. a pottery chain store

　　D. a producer of fine china

　　4.The main cause of the layoffs in the pottery industry is _______

　　A. the increased value of the pound

　　B. the economic recession in Asia

　　C. the change in people’s way of life

　　D. the fierce competition at home and abroad

　　5.Refined table manners, though less popular than before in current social life, _______

　　A. are still a must on certain occasions

　　B. are bound to return sooner or later

　　C. are still being taught by parents at home

　　D. Can help improve personal relationships

　　参考答案及解析

　　1.[B] 推理判断题。首先依据题目中的casual dining找到第2段中的informality。其后有两个for引导的介词短语，后一个说“对于英国精致瓷器的制造商来说，这(informality)意味着经济困难时期”;此外,第3段用数据具体指出陶瓷业裁员之严重，说明陶瓷业在萎缩，即B。A、D均属夸大事实，C与文章内容无关。

　　2.[B] 事实细节题。根据倒数第2段第2句中指出现今休闲文化流行的背景：工作时间长，家庭生活节奏紧张,B中的 Busy schedules与文中的demanding family schedules对应，故为答案。

　　3.[D] 事实细节题。Royal Doulton在文章中出现过两次：第3段说它裁员，因为人们用餐越来越随意(不再讲究餐具的精致);第 4 段中“A spokesman for Royal Doulton admitted that the company...”，暗示公司的性质，可以推断它是精制器皿的生产者。

　　4.[C] 事实细节题。根据题目中的the layoffs找到文章第4段首句，其中的have their roots in相当于题目中的main cause is,shifts相当于C中的change。其实本题与第1题是交叉相关的，从第1题的题目可找到本题的答案。

　　5.[A] 事实细节题。根据最后一段，特别是第2句“The fine points of etiquette... must be picked up elsewhere良好的餐桌礼仪必须在其他地方被重拾起来”，可知礼仪在某些场合还是必要的，故答案为A。