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义务教育课程标准实验教科书英语八年级下册语法归纳和句型短语...

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热心网友 时间:2024-11-16 21:47

八年级下册英语重点短语及句型总汇
常见动词不定式词组、句型用法总结

固定用法(非谓语动词):以下是带to的动词不定式常见搭配
★希望做某事hope to do sth. ★决定做某事decide to do sth.

★同意做某事agree to do sth. ★需要某人做某事need to do sth.

★使用某物做某事use sth to do sth ★迫不及待做某事can’t wait to do

★准备做某事get/be ready to do ★尽力/努力做某事try to do sth

★计划做某事plan to do sth. ★不得不have to do

★轮流做某事take one’s turns to do sth. ★拒绝做某事refuse to do sth.

★告诉某人做某事tell sb. to do sth. ★请某人做某事ask sb. to do sth.

★希望某人做某事wish sb. to do sth. ★教某人做某事teach sb. to do sth

★想要某人做某事want /would like sb.to do sth.

★同意某人做某事agree sb. to do sth. .

★喜欢/想要某人做某事 like sb. to do sth.

★帮助某人做某事help sb. to do sth/help sb.do

★encourage sb to do 鼓励某人做

★It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事

例句:It your turn to clean the blackboard.

★It’s time(for sb.) to do sth.是某人做某事时候了

例句:It’s time for me to go home.

★It’s +adj. for/of sb. to do sth. 对于某人来说做某事是……(当adj.是表示性格、品德的形容词时用of)

例句: It is easy for me to learn it well. It is very kind/foolish/nice of you to do so.

★ It takes sb. sometime to do sth. 某人做某事花了某时间

例句: 1.It takes me an hour to get to school by bike.

2.It took me an hour to watch TV last night.

3.It will take her two weeks to finish the work.

★too+adj./adv. to do sth. 太…..而不能

例: He was to angry to say a word.

★find/think/feel it +adj. to do sth.发现/认为/感到做某事是…

例: I find/think/feel it hard to learn English well.

★序数词+to do 第…..个做某事

例句:Who is the first to get there?

★我不知/忘记了怎么办。I didn't know/forgot what to do.

★ 离开房间时不要忘记/记住关灯

例句:Don’t forget/Remember to turn off the lights when you left the room

★ be+adj+to do sth

例句:1.I am very sorry to hear that.

2.I am ready to help others.

3.I am happy/pleased/glad to meet you.

顺口溜:本领最多不定式,主表定补宾和状;样样成分都能干,只有谓语它不敢;大家千万要小心,有时它把句型改;作主语时用it,自己在后把身藏;七个感官三使役,宾补要把to甩开;疑问词后接上它,宾语从句可充当;逻辑主语不定式,不定式前加for sb.;to前not是否定,各种用法区别开。

以下是不带to的动词不定式(即动词原形)的常见用法
★ let sb. do sth让某人做某事 ★ make do sth使得某人做某事

★ hear do sth do sth听见某人做某事 ★see do sth do sth看见某人做某事

★ why not 或why don’t you +动词原形?为什么不….?(表示建议)

例:Why not/Why don’t you take a walk?

★ 某人+had better( not)do 某人最好(不)做某事

★ 情态动词can/may /must /should+ 动词原形(包括情态动词的否定形式+动词原形)

★ 助动词do/does/did/will/would在构成疑问句或者构成否定句即don’t /doesn’t /didn’t /will not /would not+ 动词原形

★ be going to + 动词原形(表示“即将”“打算” 做某事)

常见动名词、分词的习惯用法总结

使用-ing分词的几种情况
1.在进行时态中。如: 1.He is watching TV in the room.

2.They were dancing at nine o'clock last night.

2.在there be结构中。如:There is a boy swimming in the river.

3.在have fun/problems结构中。如:We have fun learning English this term.

They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.

4.在介词后面。如:Thanks for helping me. Are you good at playing basketball?

What /How about doing sth? 做某事怎么样? I am interested in playing football.

5.在以下结构中

1. enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事;

2. finish doing sth; 完成做某事;

3. feel like doing sth 想要做某事;

4. stop doing sth 停止做某事(原来的事)

5. forget doing sth 忘记做过某事;

6. go on doing sth 继续做某事(原来的事);

7. remember doing sth 记得做过某事;

8. like doing sth 喜欢做某事;

9. find /see/hear/watch sb doing发现/看到/听到/观看某人做

10. try doing sth 试图做某事;

11. need doing sth 需要做某事;

12. prefer doing sth 宁愿做某事;

13. mind doing sth 介意做某事;

14. miss doing sth 错过做某事;

15. practice doing sth 练习做某事;

16. be busy doing sth 忙于做某事;

17. can't help doing sth 禁不住做某事;

18. waste time/money doing 浪费时间/金钱做…;

19. keep sb.doing 让…始终/一直做…

20. stop sb.(from)doing 阻止某人做某事

21. prefer doing B to doing B=like A better than A喜欢做A更喜欢做B

22. “do some +doing”短语

如:do some shopping/do some washing/do some reading/do some practicing/do some cleaning/do some speaking

23.“go doing”短语去做某事(主要指文娱活动等)

如:go shopping/go fishing/go swimming/go hiking/go skating/go camping/go skiing(滑雪/go boating /go hunting (打猎)

语法:
动词不定式

(1) 动词不定式常跟这些及物动词之后,want ,refuse, forget, need , try, learn , like, agree, help, hope ,decide, begin等。可用顺口溜(要想拒绝忘记,需要努力学习,喜欢同意帮助,希望决定开始)

(2) 不定式的否定形式是在to的前面直接加not. My mother decided not to buy a computer for me.

(3) 不定式可以和疑问词who , which ,when, where ,how, what等连用。 Can you tell me what to say at the meeting ? I don’t know how to get to the station.

(4) 本topic出现的句子有:

I have some exciting news to tell you.

I want to make a hotel reservation.

It is very common to raise money in Canadian and American schools.

The best way to raise money is to sell newspapers.

I think the most exciting way is to sell flowers in the evening.

Kangkang helped us to book the train tickets.

重点语法

动词不定式

(1) 动词不定式常跟这些及物动词之后,want ,refuse, forget, need , try, learn , like, agree, help, hope ,decide, begin等。可用顺口溜(要想拒绝忘记,需要努力学习,喜欢同意帮助,希望决定开始)

(2) 不定式的否定形式是在to的前面直接加not. My mother decided not to buy a computer for me.

(3) 不定式可以和疑问词who , which ,when, where ,how, what等连用。 Can you tell me what to say at the meeting ? I don’t know how to get to the station.

(4) 本topic出现的句子有:

I have some exciting news to tell you.

I want to make a hotel reservation.

It is very common to raise money in Canadian and American schools.

The best way to raise money is to sell newspapers.

I think the most exciting way is to sell flowers in the evening.

Kangkang helped us to book the train tickets.
重点语法 时间状语从句

1。引导词:

(1) when, while , as 当……时候. when 后可跟短暂性动词也可跟延续性动词;while 后跟延续性动词;as 多用于口语,强调同一时间,或一前一后。

The students were talking in the classroom when the teacher came in.

= While the students were talking in the classroom , the teacher came in. 学生在教室里谈话时,老师进来了。

Mother always sings as she cooks dinner for us. 妈妈总是边给我们做饭边唱歌。

(2)not … until 直到……才,主句谓语动词常用短暂性动词。

I won’t leave here until the rain stops.

He didn’t sleep until his mother came back home.

(3) after 在……之后,before 在……之前,as soon as 一……就

I went to sleep after I finished my homework..= I finished my homework before I went to sleep.

As soon as the bell rings , the students will go into the classroom.

2. 时态

(1)当主句为一般过去时时,从句常用过去的某种时态。

While I was doing my homework , the telephone rang.

(2)当主句的时态为一般将来时, 从句用一般现在时。

I will call you as soon as I get to Beijing.
重点语法 条件状语从句

1.条件状语从句由if(如果),unless(除非)等 引导的,谓语动词常用一般现在时表示将来,主句用一般将来时。

主句 if从句

Will (must, should, may) 一般现在时

如:I won’t go if he doesn’t go .

We will pass the exam if we study hard.

We won’t pass the exam unless we study hard..

2. 祈使句+and/or 引导的结果句,祈使句在意义上相当于条件状语从句。

如:Hurry up, or you’ll be late.= If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late.=You’ll be late unless you hurry up.

Study hard, and you will pass the exam.= If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
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