发布网友 发布时间:2022-04-27 00:02
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热心网友 时间:2022-06-20 19:34
有。
古英语(古英语:Ænglisc,英语:Old English)或盎格鲁-撒克逊语(英语:Anglo-Saxon)是指从449年到1066年间在对应于今天英格兰和苏格兰东南部的人说的英语。古英语属于西日耳曼语,和古弗里西语及古撒克逊语有密切关系。古英语和近代英语无论在读音、拼写、词汇和语法上都很不一样。古英语的语法和拉丁语[来源请求]、德语及冰岛语比较相近,形态变化很复杂。
古英语可以分为:
史前古英语(450-650年),在这段时期,因为缺乏相关文献,古英语只能构拟出来,是当时盎格鲁人、撒克逊人和朱特人在英格兰地区的语言。
早期古英语(650-900年),在这段时期,开始出现最古老的英语文献。
后期古英语(900-1066年),古英语的最后阶段,随着诺曼征服,过渡至中古英语。
古英语文选
下文节选自《贝奥武夫》,约于公元900年
古英语
Hwæt! wē Gār-Dena in geār-dagum,
þeod-cyninga, þrym gefrunon,
hu ða æþelingas ellen fremedon.
Oft Scyld Scefing sceaþena þreatum,
monegum mægþum, meodosetla ofteah,
egsode eorl. Syððan ærest wearð
feasceaft funden, he þæs frofre gebad,
weox under wolcnum, weorðmynm þah,
oðþæt him æghwylc þara ymbsittendra
ofer hronrade hyran scolde,
gomban gyldan. Þæt wæs god cyning!
现代英语
What! We [of] Gar-Danes (lit. spear-danes) in yore-days,[of] people-kings, trim (glory) afrained (have learned of by asking),
how those athelings (princes) arm-strong feats framed (made/performed).
Oft Scyld Scefing, [from] scathers (enemies) [in] threats (armed bands),
[from] many magths (clans, groups of sons, cf. Irish cognate Mac-), mead-settles took,
awed earls (leaders of men). Sith (since) erst (first) [he] worth (came to be)
fewshiped (helpless, in "fewship") founden, he [in a state of] loving care abode (lived),
wex (waxed) under welkin (the clouds), [in] mind's-worth (honour) thrived,
oth that (until that) [to] him each [of] those [who were] by-sitting ("sitting" or dwelling roundabout)
over whale-road (kenning for sea) hear (obedience) should (owed),
gifts [to] yield. That was [a] good king!