英语动词不定式是什么
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发布时间：2022-04-25 14:30
共4个回答
热心网友
时间：2022-07-15 23:21
否定式：not + (to) do
（1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后.
例如：
I'm glad to meet you.
He seems to know a lot.
We plan to pay a visit.
He wants to be an artist.
The patient asked to be operated on at once.
The teacher ordered the work to be done.
（2）进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，例如：
The boy pretended to be working hard.
He seems to be reading in his room.
（3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，例如：
I regretted to have told a lie.
I happened to have seen the film.
He is pleased to have met his friend.
2．不定式的句法功能：
（1）作主语：
To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.
To lose your heart means failure.
动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后，例如上面两句可用如下形式：
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.
It means failure to lose your heart.
常用句式有：1、It+be+名词+to do。2、It takes sb.+some time+to do。3、It+be+形容词+of sb +to do。4、It+be+形容词+for sb.+to do。常用careless,,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise,等表示赞扬或批评的形容词，不定式前的sb.可作其逻辑主语。
（2）作表语：
Her job is to clean the hall.
He appears to have caught a cold.
（3）作宾语：
常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，例如：
Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.
动词不定式也可充当介词宾语，如：
I have no choice but to stay here.
He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.
动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用，如：
He gave us some advice on how to learn English.
（4）作宾语补足语：
在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.
此外，介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用，如：
With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema．
有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to, 如：
I saw him cross the road.
He was seen to cross the road.
（5）作定语：
动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系：
①动宾关系：
I have a meeting to attend.
注意：不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词，如：
He found a good house to live in.
The child has nothing to worry about.
What did you open it with?
如果不定式修饰time, place, way，可以省略介词：
He has no place to live.
This is the best way to work out this problem.
如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者，不定式可用主动式也可用被动式：
Have you got anything to send?
Have you got anything to be sent?
②说明所修饰名词的内容：
We have made a plan to finish the work.
③被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语：
He is the first to get here.
（6）作状语：
①表目的：
He worked day and night to get the money.
She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.
注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：
wrong：To save money, every means has been tried.
right：To save money, he has tried every means.
wrong：To learn English well, a dictionary is needed.
right：To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.
②表结果(往往是与预期愿望相反的结果)：
He arrived late only to find the train had gone.
I visited him only to find him out.
③表原因：
They were very sad to hear the news.
④表程度：
It's too dark for us to see anything.
The question is simple for him to answer.
（7）作独立成分：
To tell you the truth, I don't like the way he talked.
（8）不定式的省略：保留to省略do动词。
If you don't want to do it, you don't need to.
（9）不定式的并列：第二个不定式可省略to。
He wished to study medicine and become a doctor.
热心网友
时间：2022-07-16 00:39
afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake
动词不定式的基本形式是“to＋动词原形”，有时可以不带to。动词不定式（或不定式短语）没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式仍保留动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
1．作主语
作主语用的动词不定式常常用it替代，动词不定式（或短语）放在后面。例如：
It's easy to get lost in a big city like Tokyo．在东京这样的大城市容易迷路。
It is terrible to see the ship sinking into the sea．目睹轮船沉入大海，真是太可怕了。
2．作宾语
Indians like to eat hot food．印度人喜欢吃辣味食品。
They need to look at a map．他们需要查看地图。
有的动词不定式在作带有补足语的宾语时，前面往往带有形式宾语it。例如：
Do you think it necessary for us to learn to wait？你认为学会等待对我们来说很必要吗？
They improved the software to make it easier for people to use computers．他们改进了软件，使人们使用计算机更简便了。
3．作表语
It seems to be an interesting book．它看起来是本有趣的书。
The old man's job is to take care of the flowers in the garden．这位老人的工作是照料花园里的花。
4．作宾语补足语
He told me not to bring you anything．他叫我不要给你带任何东西。
Who taught you to play the music？谁教你弹这支曲子的？
5．作定语
动词不定式作定语时，要放在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。例如：
In my dreams I always have very difficult jobs to do．我在梦里总是做一些艰难的工作。
Every day he made one of the smaller animals bring him something to eat．他每天叫一个小动物给他带来吃的东西。
6．作状语
（1）表示目的
You can hide under my seat when the conctor comes to check the tickets．当列车员来查票时，你可以藏在我的座位下面。
In his third year，he left Harvard to work for a company called Microsoft．在三年级时，他为了去微软公司工作而离开了哈佛大学。
（2）表示结果
动词不定式作状语表示结果时常与副词too或enough连用。例如：
It's too heavy to carry．太重了搬不动。
The Californian ship arrived too late to save more people．加利福尼亚号来得太晚，没能挽救更多的人。
7．和某些形容词连用
和动词不定式经常连用的形容词有sure，ready，happy，sorry，afraid等。例如：
He's very happy to see his wife．他见到妻子非常高兴。
I'm sorry to trouble you．很抱歉打扰你了。
热心网友
时间：2022-07-16 02:31
热心网友
时间：2022-07-16 04:39
