美国常见敏感专业有哪些
发布网友
发布时间：2022-04-25 21:18
共2个回答
热心网友
时间：2022-06-17 14:51
信息系统安全专业
该专业与加/密信息系统方面的知识相关，主要是以确保通信、数据、影像，及有关软件的安全。这恰巧对整个国家的安全来说至关重要，所以当地不太愿意将该先进知识传授给他国学生，以免技术被利用。
高级微电子技术专业
推进电脑端与软件在军事导弹系统中的研制力度及部署措施，有利于发展核武器。其技术包含了：空中定位系统与电子抗干扰器等。
远程拍摄/侦查专业
话说遥感科技的确属于冷门专业，但却列为高科技领域范畴。我们大多所知的遥感科技都是给予民用，但有些也可被军事用来完成侦查目的。
材料科技专业
这个专业所涉及的“材料”并非我们普通人使用的那种，而是用于造飞机、航空器及潜水设备的复合型先进材料。这类特殊材料均以用来开发电磁与超导等高科技能力，所以在面签时，签证官会格外保护这类被他们国家列为“重点保护”的专业。
导弹专业
但凡是与飞行器或是导弹系统相关联的专业都会被美国设置为“重点保护”专业，所以就算你申请了，到头来一样会被拒。拿卫星运载火箭这门高科技来讲好了，这其中的技术就包括弹道导弹、太空火箭、飞行器的载入，以及无驾高空设备等。
化学生物工程
这个受到了我国绝大多数理科生的向往和青睐，待完成学业后能够从事高能制药工作，所以该专业听起来很一般，实则也是美国的敏感专业之一，最叫人担心的就是技术被滥用制作危险化学品。
飞机和导弹的推进及运载专业
该专业的技术知识与飞机与导弹的近地面超速飞行相关，有很多类似技术都具有多重作用，包括液体/固体火箭的推进技术、航天耐热组织及推进设施等技术。诸如此类的科技全都属于国家保护的机密，即便是在我国，也难以被人接触到，更别说美国社会了。
希望回答对你有帮助，望采纳。
热心网友
时间：2022-06-17 14:51
下面是比较全面的美国留学敏感专业列表。
1. CONVENTIONAL MUNITIONS:
Technologies associated with warhead and other large caliber projectiles, reactive armor and
warhead defeat systems, fusing, and arming systems.
2. NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY:
This section covers technologies associated with the proction and use of nuclear material for both peaceful and military applications. Included are technologies for enrichment of fissile material, for reprocessing irradiated nuclear fuel to recover proced platinum, proction of heavy water for moderator material, plutonium and tritium handling, as well as certain associated technologies related to high energy physics. It includes research and poser reactors, breeder and proction reactors, fissile or special nuclear materials; uranium enrichment, including gaseous diffusion, centrifuge, aerodynamics, chemical, electromagnetic isotopic separation (EMIS) laser, isotopic separation (LIS); spent fuel reprocessing, plutonium, mixed oxide nuclear research, inertial confinement fusion (ICF), magnetic confinement fusion, plasma, nuclear fuel fabrication including mixed oxide (uranium-plutonium) fuels (MOX), heavy water proction, tritium proction and sue, electromagnetic pulse (EMP); hardening technology.
3. MISSILE/MISSILE TECHNOLOGY:
Technologies associated with air vehicles and missile systems. The technology needed to develop a satellite launch vehicle is virtually identical to that needed to build a ballistic missile. Technologies include rocket systems, ballistic missiles, space launch vehicles and sounding rockets and unmanned air equipment and reentry vehicles.
4. AIRCRAFT AND MISSILE PROPULSION AND VEHICULAR SYSTEMS:
The propulsion technologies included are associated with near-earth super and hypersonic flight propulsion systems for aircraft and missiles. Many of these technologies are al use. Technologies include liquid and solid rocket propulsion systems; missile propulsion and systems integration; indivial rocket states or staging/separation mechanism; aerospace thermal and high-performance structures; propulsion systems test facilities.
5. NAVIGATION AND GUIDANCE CONTROL:
These capabilities directly determine the delivery accuracy and lethality of both unguided and guided weapons. The long-term costs to design, build and apply these technologies have been a limiting proliferation factor. Technologies include those associated with internal navigation systems, tracking and terminal homing devices; accelerometers, vehicle and flight control systems.
6. CHEMICAL AND BIOTECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING:
Of specific concern is the ability to develop, proce, and disseminate toxic chemicals, biological and toxin agents. The technologies that could be applied to proce chemical and biological agents are used widely by civilian research laboratories and instry; these technologies are relatively common in many countries. Advanced biotechnology has the potential to support biological weapons research. Look for technologies associated with bacteriology (especially pathogenic), mutagens, mycology, neurotoxins, reconbiant technology, toxins, venoms, virology, precursor chemicals, toxicological research, chemical proction equipment*
7. REMOTE IMAGING AND RECONNAISSANCE:
Remote sensing technologies are inherently al-use; technologies can be used for civilian imagery projects or for military reconnaissance efforts. Drones and remotely piloted vehicles enhance reconnaissance abilities. These are technologies associated with remote sensing satellites; imagery systems; high resolution cameras and optics; air vehicles; remotely-piloted vehicles, drones
8. ADVANCED COMPUTER/MICROELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY:
Advance computers and software play a useful (but not necessarily critical) role in the development and deployment of missiles and missile systems, and in the development and proction of nuclear weapons. Advance computer capabilities are also used in over-the- horizon targeting, airborne early warning targeting, electronic countermeasures (ECM) processors. These technologies are associated with supercomputing, hybrid computing; speech processing/recognition systems; neural networks; data fusion; quantum wells, resonant tunneling; superconctivity; advance optoeletronics, acoustic wave devices, superconcting electron devices, flash discharge type x-ray systems; frequency synthesizers; microcomputer compensated crystal oscillators.
9. MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY:
The metallic, ceramic, and composite materials are primarily related to structural functions in aircraft, spacecraft, missiles, undersea vehicles, and propulsion devices. Polymers provide seals and sealants for containment of identified fluids and lubricants for various vehicles and devices. Selected specialty materials provide critical capabilities that exploit electromagnetic absorption, magnetic, or superconctivity characteristics.. These technologies are associated with advance metals and alloys; non-composite ceramic materials, ceramic, cermet, organic and carbon materials; polymeric materials; synthetic fluids; hot isostatic densifications; intermetallic; organometals; liquid and solid lubricant; magnetic metals and superconctive conctors.
10. INFORMATION SECURITY:
Technologies associated with cryptography and cryptographic systems to ensure secrecy for communications, video, data and related software.
11. LASERS AND DIRECTED ENERGY SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY:
Lasers have critical military applications, including incorporation in guided ordnance such as laser guided bombs and ranging devices. Directed energy technologies are used to generate electromagnetic radiation or particle beams and to project that energy on a specific target. Kinetic energy technologies are those used to impart a high velocity to a mass and direct it to a target. Directed energy and kinetic energy technologies have potential utility in countering missiles and other applications. Look for technologies associated with atomic vapor laser isotope separation (AVLIS), molecular laser isotope separation (MLIS); high energy lasers (HEL), low energy lasers (LEL), semiconctor lasers, free electron lasers , directed energy (DE), kinetic energy (KE) systems, particle beam, beam rider, electromagnetic guns, optoelectronics, optical tracking, high energy density, high-speed pulse generation, pulsed power, hypersonic/hypervelocity, magnetohydronynamics.
12. SENSORS AND SENSOR TECHNOLOGY:
Sensors provide real-time information and data; the side with superior sensors has a considerable advantage. Marina acoustics is critical in anti- submarine warfare; gravity meters are essential for missile launch calibration. Look for technologies associated with marine acoustics, optical sensors, night-visions devices, image intensification devices; gravity meters; high speed photographic equipment; magnetometers.
13. MARINE TECHNOLOGY:
Marine technologies are often associated with submarines and other deep submersible vessels; propulsion systems designed for undersea use and navigation and quieting systems are associated with recing detectability and enhancing operations survivability. Look for technologies connected with submarines and submersibles, undersea robots, marine propulsion systems; signature recognition; acoustic and non-acoustic detection; acoustic, ware, radar and magnetic signature rection, magnetohydrodynamics; stirring engines.6
14. ROBOTICS:
Technologies associated with artificial intelligence, automation, computer-controlled machine tools; pattern recognition technologies
