英语it的用法
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发布时间：2022-04-24 12:52
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学习啦：it在英语中指代很多不同的意义，大家是否彻底掌握了呢？下面我们一起看看这篇《it的用法》。
it的用法
(1)it作代词，可以代替上文里提到的无生命的事物或者幼儿、动物。比如：
The skirt is beautiful. Will you try it on?
这条裙子很漂亮。你试试好吗?
My sister has got a baby, and it weighs ten pounds.
我姐姐有小孩了，重十磅。
(2)作“这、那”的意思，指心目中的人。比如：
“Whois it at the door?”she asked, but got no answer.
“门口是谁?”她问，但没有人应该答。
(3)作无人称动词的主语，表示时间、天气和距离。比如：
It’s ten o’clock. Let’s go to the meeting room.
十点了。让我们去会议室吧。
It was nearly midnight when I returned home.
我回到家时已近半夜了。
It’s cold in the mountain in winter.
冬天山里很冷。
It’s about ten kilometers to the campsite.
到露营区将近十公里。
(4)作先行词，引导非谓语动词如动词不定式。比如：
It is not easy to learn a foreign language.
学一门外语不容易。
Is it possible for us to get there in half an hour?
我们半小时内赶到那里有可能吗?
It’s kind of you to help us with our lessons.
你帮助我做功课，你真好。
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一、人称代词
1，it的最基本用法是作代词，主要指刚提到的事物，以避免重复:
①They watched the train until it disappeared in the distance.
2.，也可以指动物或婴儿(未知性别的婴儿或孩子):
②Is this your dog？No, it isn’t.
③They got a baby and it was a ten-pounder
3.，也可指抽象事物或指抽象环境和情景:
③I hate it when people talk with a full mouth.．
二、.非人称代词
1.it有时并不指具体的东西而泛指天气、时间、日期、距离、价值、度量、温度、环境等：
⑴.指天气：It is a lovely day, isn’t it? ⑵.指时间: It was nearly midnight when she came back.
⑶.指日期:It is April First today. ⑷.指距离:It is some 3000 kilometers from A to B.
⑸.指价值:It is three dollars. ⑹.指温度:Today it is 30 degrees centigrade.
三、其他用法
1.在句子的主语不太明确时充当主语，表示谁在做某事：
①Who is it there? It's I (me/you/he.....). ②I thought it was Mary, but it was not she.
③Her face lighted when she saw who it was.
2.泛泛的指某件事： (有时泛指一般情况)
①It doesn’t matter. ②It is a shame, isn’t it? ③How is it going?(情况怎样)
④It says in the newspaper that......
3.it用在一些词组中，it 没有特别的意思
The last train's gone. Come on, we'll foot it.(来，咱们步行吧。)
四、作形式主语，替代主语从句，动词不定式，或动名词短语：
1.作形式主语替代主语从句
⑴It is clear ( obvious， true， possible， certain....) that 从句 常译为＂┅清楚的（显然的，真的，可能的,肯定的．．．）＂
It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree. = That he’s round and tall like a tree is very clear.
⑵It is important ( necessary， right， strange， natural...) that 从句 常译为┅是重要的(必要的,对的,奇怪的,自然的┅).that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省去，建议记住该句型中的形容词。
①It is important that we (should) learn English well.②It is necessary that he (should) remember these words.
⑶It is said (reported/ learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped.....) that 从句 常译为＂据说（据报道，据悉．．．）＂。
①It is said that he has come to Beijing. ②It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.
⑷It is suggested ( advised/ ordered / demanded/ insisted/ commanded... ) that 从句.that 后的从句要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省；常译为＂据建议；有命令．．．）
①It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off.
②It was ordered that we ( should ) arrive there in two hours.
⑸It is time ( about time ，high time ) that从句(虚拟语气:动词用过去时did)
① It is time that children went to bed.
⑹It is the first ( second ... ) time that从句(从句用现在完成时 have done )
It was …(从句用过去完成时had done )常译为＂是第一（二）．．．次．．．＂。
It is the first time I have been here. = This is the first time I have been here
⑺It is a pity ( a shame /an honour/a good thing/a fact,/a surprise/... ) that从句.
that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should可省去．表示出乎意料，常译为＂竟然＂。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。
①It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class. 这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！
②It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遗憾！
⑻It happens (seems， looks， appears ) that从句.常译为 “ 碰巧…,似乎是…,看起来…”
①It happened ( so happened ) that he met his teacher in the street. 碰巧．．.
②It seems that he will be back in a few days. 看来．．．
2.作形式主语替代不定式
. ⑴ It is kind ( of sb. ) to do sth. 不定式的逻辑主语是由 of引起，主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的褒义或贬义形容词。 常见的词有：
bad ， brave ， careless， clever ， cruel ， foolish ， good （好心的）， honest ， horrible ， kind ， lazy ， modest ， naughty ， nice（有教养的）， polite， rude ， silly ， stupid ， wise ， wrong（错误的）等。 这个句型可以改写为：sb. is kind to do sth. 。 如:It is kind of you to say so. = You are kind to say so.
⑵It is necessary ( for sb. ) to do sth. .不定式的逻辑主语是由for引起，主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况的中性形容词。 常见的形容词有：
important， necessary， natural easy ， safe ， common ， normal ， hard ， difficult ， dangerous ， unusual， rare ， impossible ， pleasant
如:It is important for her to come to the party. = It is important that she (should ) come to the party.
⑶It takes sb. ... to do sth. 常译为＂做．．．要花费某人．．．＂。
如:It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall.
3.作形式主语替代动名词短语
It is no good / no use / useless doing sth. 常译为 “┅有好处或没有用”
①It is no good learning English without speaking English.
②It's useless trying to argue with Shylock.
五、作形式宾语，代替不定式，动名词短语或宾语从句。
We think it important to learn a foreign language.
该句型中的it 作形式宾语，该结构中常用的动词有：think, believe, make ,find consider, feel； 如:
We think it our ty to clean our classroom every day.
He felt it important learning English well.
They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days.
The Internet makes it easier for companies to keep in touch with customers.
CF: keep sth, in mind / keep in mind that
六、.it的重要句型
1.强调句型: It is/was + 被强调部分 + that 从句 (被强调的主语如果是人，that可以由who换用)
①It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.
②It was they that (who ) cleaned the classroom yesterday.
特例:It is not until + 被强调部分 + that ... 该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语＂直到．．．才．．．＂，可以说是 not ... until ... 的强调形式。
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
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1.It is+被强调部分+that
该句型是强调句型，将被强调的放在前面，其他部分置于之后，强调的主语如果是人，可以用来替换，如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子，这也是判断强调句型与其他从句的方法。
It was they that (who) cleaned the classroom yesterday. It was in the street that I met her father.
It was with great joy ___he received the news that his lost daughter had been found. (2004 福建)
A. because B. which C. since D. that (D)
2. It is not until +被强调的部分+ that
该句型译成汉语“直到……才”，可以说是的强调形式。It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a film star. =Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a film star. =I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.
It was ___back home after the experiment. (2004 湖北)
A. not until midnight did he go
B. until midnight that he didn’t go
C. not until midnight that he went
D. until midnight when he didn’t go (C)
3. It is clear (obvious, true, possible, certain) that….
该句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，常译为“清楚（显然、真的、肯定）”是主语从句最常见的结构。
It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree.
=That he’s round and tall like a tree is very clear.
4. It is important (necessary, right, strange, natural…) that…
该句型和上一句同属一个句型。由于主句中的形容词不同，that后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should+动词原形）should 可以省去。建议记住该句型中的形容词。
It is important that we (should) learn English well.
It is necessary that he (should) remember these words.
5. It is said (reported, learned…) that…
该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句。该结构常译为“据说（据报道，据悉……）
It is said that he has come to Beijing.
It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.
6. It is suggested (ordered…) that…
该句型和上一句属一个句型。主句中的过去分词是表示请求、建议、命令等词时，that后的从句要用虚拟语气 （should+动词原形）。可以省略，常译为“据建议；有命令……”
It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.
It was ordered that we (should) arrive there in two hours.
7. It is a pity (a shame…) that …
在该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should+动词原形），should可以省去，表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。
It is a pity that such a thing (should) happen in your class.
这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾。
It is a pity that he is ill.
他生病了，真遗憾！
8. It is time (about time, high time) that…
该句型中that后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是：常用过去时态表示虚拟，有时也用should+动词原形，should 不能省。常译为“是（正是）……的时候……”
It is time that children should go to bed.
=It is time that children went to bed.
9. It is the first (second, …)time that…
该句型应和上一个句型区别开来。该句型中不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用哪种完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态来决定。如果是一般现在时，从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中that可以省去；it有时用this替换，常译为“是第一（二,…）次…”。
10. It is …since…
该句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时，要和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。主句中是时间作表语，其时态是现在时和完成时，引导的从句通常是一般过去时态，而且是瞬间动词。如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时。
It is (has been) 5 years since his father died.
It is almost five years ___we saw each other last time. (2005 北京)
A. before B. since C. after D. when(B)
11. It is …when…
该句型中的when引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的it指时间，表语由具体的时间充当。常译为“当……的时候，是……”
It was 5 o’clock when he came here.
12. It be…before…
该句型主句中的it指时间，主句中的时态常是一般将来时或过去时两种时态，主句中的表语多是long ,not long ,3 days, 2 weeks等表示时间段的词和短语。常译为“…之后才”，“没过……就……”
It was 3 days before he went to Beijing.
It will not be long before he finishes his job.
13. It happens (seems, looks, appears) that…
该句型中的it 是形式主语，that 引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen, seem等词是不及物动词。
It happened (so happened) that he met his teacher in the street. (碰巧……)
It seems that he will be back in a few days. (看来……)
The Foreign Minister said, “___our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.” (2004北京)
A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is (D)
14. It takes sb…to do sth.
该句型中的不定式是真正的主语，是形式主语，句型中的直接宾语是时间。常译为“做……要花费某人……”
It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall.
15．It is no good (use) doing sth.
该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中的表语可以是 no good (not any good), no use (not any use ).
It is no good learning English without speaking English.
16. It doesn’t matter whether…
该句型中的引导的从句是真正的主语，该句型译为“不论（是否）……没关系……
It doesn’t matter whether they are old.
17．It is kind (of sb) to do sth.
该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定式的逻辑主语是由of引出，主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语的形容词。常见的有：bad, brave, careless, clever, cruel, foolish good (好心的),honest, horrible, kind, lazy, modest, naughty, nice (有教养的),polite, rude, silly, stupid ,wise ,wrong等。这个句型可以改写为sb.is kind to do sth.
It is kind of you to stay so =You are kind to say so.
18. It is necessary (for sb) to do sth
该句型与上一句统属一个句型。如果不定式的逻辑主语是由for 引出的，主句的形容词通常是表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况的形容词。常见的形容词有：
Important,necessary,natural,easy,safe,common,,normal,hard,difficult,dangerous,unusual,grape, impossible, pleasant.等。
It is important for her to come to the party. =It is important that she (should) come to the party.
19. It looks (seems) as if …
该句型中it 无意义。As if 引导一个状语从句，常译为：“看起来好像……”如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气。
It looks as if he is ill. （真的病了）
It looks as if he was ill. （事实上没有生病）
It seemed as if he was dying.
20. We think it important to learn a foreign language.
该句型中的it作形式宾语。为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为“7123结构”
7指主句中的常用的动词：think, believe, make, find, consider, feel, take.
1指的是形式宾语it .
2指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词和名词
3指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或that引导的宾语从句。
We think it our ty to clean our classroom every day.
XiaoLi felt it important learning English well.
They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days.
-Do you like ____here?
-Oh, yes .The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice. (2004 全国卷二)
A. this B. these C. that D. it (D)
有什么疑问还可以问我，我一直在线。
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1、人称代词IT
IT一般指物不指人，但可指小孩、婴儿和团体等。IT用于*，有轻蔑的含义。
For example: Would you like to marry Malcom? Fancy being owned by that! Fancy seeing it every day!
2、指示代词IT
作为指示代词时，IT可以指人。
For example: Who is it？（是谁呀？）
3、非人称代词IT
(1)指时间
For example: I glanced at my watch. It was earlier than I thought.
(2)指距离
For example:
How far is it from your office to the bank?
It was a long journey to that part of the country.
(3)指天气等自然现象
For example:
Now it is clearing up, and a sparrow is beginning to chirp.
It’s damp and cold. I thingk it’s going to rain.
4、IT用于前指或后指
(1)前指
For example:
---They lost the game.
---Yes, so I hear. Isn’t it a shame?
(2)后指
For example:
It’s seems so full of comfort and of strength, the night.
Though no one knew it, it was the last time he would be present at the bank.
注：代词it指代if或when等引导的状语从句时，既可前指，也可后指。
5、非确指的IT
有时，it所指代的是什么，要看上下文来确定。这种IT即所谓的非确指的it（Unspecified it）。
For example:
1.How’s it going with you? (你近况如何?)
2.Does it itch much? (很*吗?)
3.Where does it hurt? (哪儿痛?)
4.Now you are in for it. (你现在可倒霉了!)
5.It says in the Bible: Thou shalt not steal. (圣经上说:不许偷窃。)
6.Hand it all, we can’t wait all day for him. (见鬼!我们不能整天等他呀.)
7.We had a nice time of it. (我们玩得很好。)
8.There is nothing else for it but to stand. (没有办法，只好忍受。)
9.You never had it so good. (日子过得从来没有这样好。)
10.Take it easy. (不要紧张。)
6、IT在习惯用语中
一些含有IT的习惯用语需要牢记，以下是一般对方都熟知的，无须要明确指出来。
For example:
1.Cab it (乘车)
2.brave it out (拼命干到底)
3.walk it (步行)
4.go it alone (单*匹马地干)
5.beat it (走，滚)
6.make it (办成功)
7.come it (尽自己之分内事情)
8.come it strong (做得过分)
9.lord it over (欺压)
10.take it (猜想，以为，断定；[口][常与 can, be able to 连用]忍受得住(痛苦、批评、困难, 嘲笑等))
11.take it out of somebody (拿某人出气)
12.have it out with somebody (与某人讲个明白)
13.be hard put to it (在艰难之中)
14.Is that it? (你就要我做这些吗？= Is that all you wanted me for? )
15.You’re it. (你是下一个)
7、引词IT
（1）IT用做引词
A.形式主语
a.真实主语为不定式
For example:
It was his ty to attend to the matter. (处理那事是他的责任)
It was not within my power to answer the question. (我*力回答这个问题)
b.真实主语为不定式复合结构
For example:
It is getting harder every day for a lazy man to get a living. (懒汉谋生是日益困难了)
What time would it be most convenient for me to call again? (何时我再给你打电话最合适?)
It’s very good of you to have listened to me. (感谢你,能听我讲.)
It’s very thoughtful and kind of you to offer me this lovely holiday. (您能给我这么美好的假日实在是想得太周到和太友善了)
c.真实主语为动名词
For example:
It’s no use saying any more about what I think. (我如何想的再说也没有用了.)
Do you think it’s worth while quarrelling with me? (你认为与我吵架值得吗?)
d.真实主语为动名词复合结构
For example:
It has been a great honor your coming to visit me. (你的来访是我很大的荣幸.)
It would have been so bad her overhearing. (她如果偷听到那就糟糕了.)
I’m afraid it vexes her my having brought Roly.(我恐怕我带罗力来使她生气了)
e.真实主语为主语从句
For example:
It seems that he is rich.. (看起来他很富有.)
It doesn’t matter what you do.（你干什么都没有关系）
It was clear enough what she meant.（她的意思十分清楚）
He was an old man, and it did not matter much where he lived.（他年事已高，在哪儿居住都无所谓）
It’ a pity he doesn’t swim. (他不会游泳，真遗憾)
B.形式宾语
a.真实宾语为不定时
For example:
I find it easy enough to get on with Pam.. (我觉得与帕姆相处很容易.)
I would think it worth while to go.（我认为去是值得的.）
He thought it best to be on his guard. (他认为他最好还是要警惕.)
He made it a rule to speak in Parliament at least once every session. (他规定自己在议会每次开会时至少发言一次.)
He felt it his ty to mention the fact to Mr. Otis. (他觉得把事实告诉奥蒂斯先生是他的职责)
b.真实主语为动名词
For example:
You must find it exciting working here.. (你一定会发现在此工作是很令人兴奋的.)
I think it very unwise going on as we are without definite agreement.（我认为我们没有明确的协议就进行是不明智的.）
He find it a great privation not being allowed to smoke there. (他觉得在那里不能吸烟对他是一大痛苦.)
注：以上例句皆可不用形式宾语，可改写为：
You must find working here exciting.
I think going on as we are without definite agreement very unwise.
He found not being allowed to smoke there a great privation.
c.真实宾语为宾语从句
For example:
I think it best that you should stay here. (我认为你最好留在这里.)
I used to feel it a terrible thing that my mother should have to toil so endlessly. （我曾老觉得母亲不得不无休止地操劳是一件可怕的事情.）
I take it you have been out. (我想你出去过了.)
I took it for granted that you would stay with us. (我认为你当然会留在我们这里的.)
I have it on my conscience that I offended you. (我心里老嘀咕着我得罪了你)
They kept it quiet that he was dead. (对于他的死他们没有透露一丝口风。)
（2）引词IT用于强调结构中
①英语中常用的强调结构是：“It is （was）+被强调的部分（主语、宾语或状语）+ who（that）…”。一般说来，被强调部分指人时用who，指物时用that（但that亦可指人）。注意：强调结构在强调状语时，只可用that从句，不可用which。
For example: John wore his best suit to the dance last night.（约翰昨晚他穿着他最好的一套衣服去参加舞会）
It was John who (that) wore his best suit to the dance last night.
It was his best suit (that) John wore to the dance last night.
It was last night (that) John wore his best suit to the dance.
It was to the dance that John wore his best suit last night.
②强调结构也可强调短语和从句(包括because，only when，who，whom，whose，that，which等引导的从句)。
For example:
I suspected it was on her orders that you were bringing him here.（我怀疑你是遵照她的吩咐要把他带到这儿来的）
It was because I wanted to buy a dictionary that I went to town yesterday. (我昨天是由于想买一本字典而进城的。)
It is only when you nearly lose someone that you become fully conscious of how much you value them（只有你差一点失去某一个人时，你才会充分意识到你是多么珍视他们。）
It must be your mother who (whom, that) you are thinking of.（你在想的一定是你的母亲。）
It was your brother to whom I offered a dollar for his knife yesterday.（我昨天给了你兄弟1元钱买他的小刀。）
It is Uncle Bill whose address I lost.（比尔叔叔的地址我丢了。）
It deserves attention that it is especially the verb to do which is often found in the active voice.（应该注意, 特别是行为动词常用在主动语态中。）
③表语与宾语补语偶尔也可为被强调的部分。但通常情况下，表语一般不可用作被强调的部分。
For example:
It was a doctor that he eventually became.（他最后成了一个医生）
It’s dark green that we’ve painted the kitchen.（我们把厨房漆成了深绿色）
④强调结构的时态一般应该一致。但也有例外的例子。
For example:
It is not I who am angry.（发怒的不是我。）
I was my two sisters who knew her best（是我的两个姐妹最了解他。）
I will not be you who will have to take the blame for this.（对此受责难的将不是你。）
For exceptional example:
It is Miss Williams who enjoyed reading novels as a pastime. (是威廉姆斯小姐以读小说来消遣。)
It is these very novels that Miss Williams enjoyed reading as a pastime.（威廉姆斯小姐作为消遣所读的小说就是这些。）
⑤强调结构不但可以用于独立句中，也可以用在从句之中。
For example:
It deserves attention that it is especially the verb to do which is often found in the active voice.（应该注意, 特别是行为动词常用在主动语态中。）
I suspected it was on her orders that you were bringing him here.（我怀疑你是遵照她的吩咐要把他带到这儿来的）
He told me that it was liberation that brought about a complete change in his life. （他告诉我是解放才使他的生活有了翻天覆地的变化。）
⑥强调结构中的that 与who在非正式文体中可以省略。有时还可以省去句首的It is （was）。
For example:
I suspected it was on her orders you were bringing him here.（我怀疑你是遵照她的吩咐要把他带到这儿来的）
A good, honest trade you are learning, Sir Peter! （彼得爵士，你学得是一种很好而诚实的一行啊！）
⑦强调结构中的被强调部分有时可放在句首。
For example:
Now was it that his life was done, and the fate which he could not escape was upon him.（就在这时，他的生命完结了，他所逃脱不了的命运降临了。）
⑧It is（was）之后可有一个以上的被强调部分。
For example:
It was she who was lying in the corridor and the stranger who bent over her. “Did I faint?” she asked.（是她躺在过道上，是那个陌生人在俯视她。“我晕倒了吗？”她问道。）
说明：以上是我学习这部分知识时，总结的笔记，若用得上，可要赏分啊
