求助:西安各大景点的英文简介!

发布网友发布时间：2022-04-25 09:22

共3个回答

热心网友时间：2022-06-14 09:08

大雁塔
The Big Wild Goose Pagoda
慈恩寺创建于隋开皇9年（公元589年），初名无漏寺。至唐贞观22年（公元648年），唐高宗李治作太子时，因生母文德皇后早逝，为补报慈母大恩，重修此寺，故名大慈恩寺。据传高宗当年每日朝夕从含元殿遥望慈恩寺礼拜。唐代大慈恩寺规模极大，共13院，总计房屋1897间，云阁禅院，重楼复殿，异常豪华。唐王朝灭亡后，大慈恩寺也渐渐颓废毁坏。现在的寺院建筑大部分是明代时重修的。
唐王朝为了请当时闻名遐迩的玄奘法师担任大慈恩寺的主持，特令在寺内修了翻经院。玄奘法师从公元648年到658年在慈恩寺内潜心译经，并创立中国佛教一大宗派慈恩宗，又称唯识宗或法相宗，写出了不朽的巨著《大唐西域记》，玄奘在慈恩寺译经达12年之久。太宗和太子分别为他译的佛经写了《大唐三藏圣教序碑》和《述三藏圣教序记碑》，称颂他献身佛教事业的精神。这两篇文章由唐代大书法家褚遂良书写后刻成碑文，至今仍镶嵌在大雁塔底层南门西侧。
公元652年，玄奘上表请求在寺内翻经院造塔，以保存从印度带回来的佛经和佛像。塔为玄奘亲自设计，高5层，约60米，砖面土心，不可攀，后砖缝草木丛生，塔身塌损。公元701—704年武则天在位时重建并增高至10层。后遭战乱破坏，于公元930—933年再次修茸时改为7层。现在的大雁塔保持着这次修茸后的面貌，高64米。
唐代一般称大雁塔为慈恩寺浮图或慈恩寺塔。大雁塔是后人一种习惯称呼。关于雁塔得名，有多种说法。传说玄奘在印度取经时曾住在一座大乘佛寺内。印度佛教分为大乘、小乘两派。大乘吃素，小乘吃荤。玄奘所在的这座寺院的附近有一座小乘寺。一天该寺的僧人因吃不到肉而发愁。那天正好是菩萨布施日，一个和尚仰天叹到：“大慈大慧的菩萨一定不会忘记今天是什么日子！”他正说着，一群大雁飞来，头雁坠地而死。僧侣们个个惊愕万分，以为菩萨显灵，让他们食其肉充饥。从此全寺和尚不再吃肉，并且改信大乘佛教。他们还在大雁坠地处修建了一座塔，取名为“雁塔”。大雁塔就是玄奘依照印度那座“雁塔”形式设计建造的，为了颂扬佛教，纪念玄奘，后来人们就称慈恩塔为“雁塔”。但据学者考证，《大唐西域记》中载西域称佛塔为“亘娑”，唐言为“雁”，故雁塔得名由梵文“亘娑”音译而来。半个世纪后，荐福寺塔修成了，两塔遥遥相对，风采各异。因荐福寺塔比雁塔小，人们就将这座叫大雁塔，而将荐福寺塔改叫小雁塔了。
雁塔题名始于唐初，唐中宗神龙年间成为定例。唐代士子考取进士之后，都要登上雁塔赋诗并留名于雁塔之下。“雁塔题名”被视为人生一大荣耀之事。白居易在考取进士，登上雁塔时就作诗说：“慈恩塔下题名处，十七人中最年少”，反映了他少年得志的喜悦自豪心情。

门票：25元，登塔20元
营业时间：08：00----18：00

小雁塔
The Small Wild Goose Pagoda
原为唐太宗李世民的女儿襄城公主的住宅，唐睿宗李旦文明元年（公元684年）改为寺院。因在唐高宗李治死后百日，皇室外族戚为其献福所建，故称献福寺，后武则天易名为“荐福寺”。
荐福寺是我国唐代高僧义净的译经处。他于公元671年由海路到印度求法，历时20多年，游历30余国，于公元695年带梵文经卷400部归国。他在荐福寺译经共56部，并著有《大唐西域求法高僧传》、《南海寄归内法传》，此书堪称是玄奘《大唐西域记》的姐妹篇，对后世研究中国与印度、印度尼西亚等国的文化提供了宝贵的资料。
荐福寺刨建于唐中宗李显景龙元年（公元707年），共15层，高约45米。是义净法师为保存从印度带回来的佛经，上表请求朝廷出资所建。塔身自下而上，每一层皆依次收缩，愈上愈细小，为典型的密檐式砖塔。塔内设楼板旋梯，可攀登，塔的外形秀丽玲珑，与慈恩寺大雁塔的雄伟气概互相辉映。因规模较小，故俗称小雁塔。
公元1487年，陕西发生6级地震，小雁塔被震裂。时隔34年，即公元1521年，陕西再次发生地震，塔的裂缝竟然合拢，复原如初。人们百思不得其解，便把小雁塔的合拢叫“神合”。1555年9月，一位名叫王鹤小京官回乡途中夜宿小雁塔。听了目睹此次“神合”的堪广和尚讲的一段奇事后，惊异万分，把这段史料刻在小雁塔的北门楣上。建国后修复小雁塔时，才发现它不是“神合”，而是“人合”。原来古代工匠根据西安地质情况特地将塔基用夯土筑成一个半圆球体，受震后压力均匀分散，这样小雁塔就像一个“不倒翁”一样，虽历经70余次地震，仍巍然屹立，这不禁令人叹服我国古代能工巧匠建筑技艺的高超。
小雁塔内有一口金代（公元1192年）铸的大铁钟，此钟高4.5米，口沿周长7.4米，重10吨，是清代康熙年间从武功县移入寺内的。钟声清脆悦耳，10里之外都听得清清楚楚，人称“神钟”。据说如有思念远方的亲人，只要把亲人名字和去处写在一张黄笺贴到钟上，钟声就会把思念之情传到千里之外的亲人耳中。古时，每日清晨，寺僧按时撞钟，钟声震撼全城。
清代诗人朱集义题诗写道：“噌初破晓来霜，落月迟迟满大荒，枕上一声残梦醒，千秋胜迹总苍茫。”这就是著名的长安八景之一“雁塔晨钟”的生动写照。
门票：18元，登塔10元
营业时间：08：00—17：00

钟楼与鼓楼
The Bell Tower & The Drum Tower
位于西安繁华的东、西、南、北四条大街交汇处，它古时用来在清晨敲钟报时，故称“钟楼”，从建成之日起，钟楼就一直被看作是西城西安的象征，现为陕西省重点文物保护单位。
钟楼始建于1384年，最初位于西大街的迎祥观。当时，这里是西安城的中心。公元1582年，西安城扩建，钟楼位置偏到城西侧，于是将原来的钟楼拆掉，在扩大了的西安城正中（即现在的位置），重新修建了钟楼。明太祖朱元璋出身贫苦，父母早逝，只好给别人放羊，后又出家当了和尚。他当皇帝后，怕全国各地出现真龙天子和他争位，于是就下令各地广修钟楼*龙气。秦中自古帝王州，龙气尤盛，朱元璋当然更害怕。因而西安钟楼不但修得早，而且也修得高。
钟楼基座是正方形，占地1377.4平方米，高8.6米，宽35.5米，全部用青砖砌成。楼为砖木结构，高36米。外部重檐3层，但内部仅上、下两层。楼檐四角攒顶，檐下饰有彩绘斗拱。“斗拱”是我国古代木结构建筑的特点之一，在世界建筑史上也是独一无二的，它不但能使建筑物更加牢固，而且更加美观。
和钟楼遥遥相对，在钟楼西北方半华里处，可以看到又一座宏伟的古建筑——鼓楼。它创建于公元1380年，比钟楼早4年，以前楼上悬挂一面大鼓，傍晚击鼓报时，与钟楼上的钟形成“晨钟”、“暮鼓”（长安八景之一“晨钟暮鼓”），故称作鼓楼。后来不再用来报时，只是在战争时才擂鼓报警。
鼓楼楼基面积为1924平方米，楼基高34米，基座用青砖砌成。楼体呈长方形。外部为重檐三滴水的歇山顶式，内部上下两层，外部楼檐均饰有斗拱。四周有回廊，内外贴金彩绘，金碧辉煌。

门票：钟楼25元，鼓楼15元
营业时间：08：00---22：00

化觉巷清真寺
The Great Mosque at HUAJUE Lane
化觉巷清真寺是西安10万多穆斯林过宗教生活的主要场所，也是陕西省重点文物保护单位。这座清真寺没有阿拉伯*教清真寺那种金碧辉煌的大圆顶，高耸入云的宣礼塔，令人目不暇接的阿拉伯花纹。这座寺内则处处是亭台楼阁、雕梁画栋，从设计施工到艺术造型，既有中华民族的传统风格，又有*教寺院的格调和特点。
化觉巷清真寺是西安最大的清真寺，也是我国建筑最早、规模最大、保存较完善的清真寺之一。根据《创建清真寺碑记》载，该建于公元742年，但从寺内建筑风格看，可能建于明代。全寺共有4个院落，占地12000平方米，建筑面积近4000平方米。前院木牌坊建于17世纪初，高约9米，琉璃瓦顶，异角正檐，距今360余年，仍保存完好。
我国*教和世界各地的*教有着同样的风俗习惯。他们每天礼拜5次，分别在黎明、中午、下午、黄昏和夜晚5个时间举行。
门票：15元
营业时间：08：00—17：00

城墙
The City Wall
早在明王朝建立前，当朱元璋攻克徽州后，一个名叫朱升的隐士便告诉他应该“高筑墙、广积粮、缓称王”。朱元璋采纳了这些意见。当全国统一后，他便命令各府县普遍筑城。而朱元璋以为“天下山川，唯秦中号为险固”。西安古城垣就是在这个建城的热潮中，由都督濮英主持，在唐皇城旧城基础上扩建起来。
明代扩建后的西安城墙高12米，顶宽12—14米，底宽15—18米，周长13.7公里，城墙每隔120米修敌台一座，突出在城墙之外，顶与城墙面平。这是专为射杀爬城的敌人设置的，城墙上共有敌台98座，上面建有驻兵的敌楼。
城墙上外侧筑有雉堞，又称垛墙，共5984年，上有垛口，可射箭和了望。内侧矮墙称为女墙，无垛口，以防兵士往来行走时跌下。
最初的西安城墙完全用黄土分层夯打而成，最底层用土、石灰和糯米汁混合夯打，异常坚硬。后来将整个城墙内外壁及顶部砌上青砖。清代陕西巡抚毕沅对城墙进行了维修和加固，城墙顶部每隔40—60米有一道用青砖砌成的水糟，用于排水，对西安古城墙的长期保护起了非常重要的作用。
门票：40元
营业时间：8：00--18：00
夏季 8：00---21：00

西安碑林博物馆
Museum Of Forest Of Stone Tablets In XI’AN
西安碑林博物馆（原陕西省博物馆）是一座庭院式建筑，位于西安市三学街孔庙旧址，占地面积3万平方米，陈列内容分为“西安碑林”和“石刻艺术”两大部分。.1950年扩建为博物馆。
西安碑林创建于公元1087年，是收藏我国古代碑石时间最早、数目最大的一座艺术宝库，陈列有从汉到清的各代碑石、墓志共1000多块。这里碑石如林，故名碑林。
西安碑林是在保存唐代石经的基础上发展起来的。唐代人所称的石经，包括公元745年唐玄宗李隆基书写出的《石台教经》和公元873年刻成的《开成石经》。“碑林”这个名字是清代所确定的。碑林现收藏从汉到清的各代碑石3000余件，分7个陈列室，6个墓志廓和1个碑亭展出。
碑林第一陈列室主要陈列《开成石经》，内容包括《周易》、《尚书》、《诗经》、《周礼》、《仪礼》、《礼记》、《春秋左氏传》、《春秋公羊传》、《春秋谷粮传》、《论语》、《孝经》、《尔雅》等12部经书，讦650，252字，用石114方，两面刻文。清代补刻的《孟子》17面3万余字好陈列于此，合称《十三经》。12部经书是封建社会知识分子必读之书。
碑林第二陈列室主要陈列唐代著名书法家书写出的碑石，历来都是人们学习书法的范本，其中有唐初书法家欧阳洵写的《皇甫诞碑》，有小欧阳之称的欧阳洵之子欧阳通写的《道因法师碑》，颜真卿写的《多宝塔碑》和《颜氏家庙碑》，晚唐柳公权写出的《玄奘塔碑》和长安弘福寺和尚怀仁集王羲之刻字刻成，世称“千金贴”的《大唐三藏圣教序碑》以及中外驰名的《大秦景教流行中国碑》等。
碑林第三陈列室保存有汉至宋代（公元前206年—公元1279年）各种书体的珍贵碑石，包括篆书、隶书、楷书、行书、草书五种书体。通过这些碑石，可以了解我国文字的演变过程。
碑林第四陈列室保存有宋至清代书法家的诗文真迹以及明、清时期有珍贵史料价值的碑石，还有一部分宋至清代的各种线刻画。
碑林第五陈列室主要陈列宋、元、明、清各代记述修庙、记功、修渠、补城等史实的碑石，是研究当代社会和地方史的参考资料。除此还陈列有清代马德昭的“虎”、“寿”、“福”等一笔而就的大型题字碑石，运笔有力，气势磅礴，给参观者以美的享受。
碑林第六陈列室陈列的碑石多是元、明、清各代的诗文碑石。其中元代赵孟的《游天冠山诗碑》、明代董其昌的《秣陵旅舍送会稽章生碑》、清代康熙皇帝临米芾的《赐吴赫书》、林则徐的《游华山诗》等都很珍贵。
碑林第七陈列室是1982年新建的一个陈列室，专门保存宋《淳化秘阁贴》。在碑林徊转的个长廊上陈列着由魏至清的各代墓志。
石刻艺术室建于1963年，它收集了散失在陕西各地的西汉至唐代的石刻70余件，分陵墓石刻和宗教石刻两大类，按年代顺序陈列于此。
门票：30元
营业时间：08：00—18：00

陕西历史博物馆
The Shaan’xi History Museum
陕西历史博物馆珍藏了陕西出土的文物精品11.3万件（组），展室外面积达1100平方米。分为陕西古代史陈列、专题展览和临时展览三大部分。
陕西古代史陈列展出在陕西发现、出土的珍品3000余件，分为史前、周、秦、汉、魏晋南北朝、隋唐、宋元明清7大部分，分3个展室展出。陕西古代史陈列是陕西历史博物馆的基本陈列，它形象、系统地展现出自115万年前至公元1840年的陕西古代历史。

门票：35元
营业时间：8：00---18：00

半坡遗址博物馆
The BanPo Museum
半坡遗址是一个典型的母系氏族公社村落遗址，属于仰韶文化。这类遗存仅在黄河流域的关中地区就发现了400多处，因此，黄河流域素有中国古代文化发源地之美称。
仰韶文化是中国新石器时代的一种文化，分布于黄河中下游。1921年首次发现于河南渑池仰韶村，故得名。仰韶文化属母系氏族公社制的繁荣时期，由于在仰韶文化遗址中常发现大量彩绘陶器，所以也被称作彩陶文化。据碳—14法测定，整个中原地区的仰韶文化约为公元前5000—公元前3000年。
半坡遗址是1953年春在建设施工中偶然发现的，现存面积约5万平方米，分居住区、制陶区和墓葬区3个部分。于1954年秋至1957年夏先后进行了5次发掘。发掘面积为1万平方米，共发现房屋遗址46座，圈栏2座，储藏物品的地窖200多个，*墓葬174座，小孩瓮棺葬73座，烧陶窑址6座，以及大量生产工具和生活用具。向我们生动地展现了6000多年前处于母系氏族社会繁荣时期的半坡先民们的生产与生活情景。
第一展室主要展出在半坡遗址发现的生产工具，有石器、渔具、纹轮、骨针、鱼钩、鱼叉等，我们可以由此了解半坡人生产活动的各种场面。
第二展室展出的文物反映出半坡人的社会生活、文化艺术和各种发明创造。

门票：20元
营业时间：08：30---17：00

秦始皇兵马俑博物馆
The Museum Of Emperor Qinshihuang’s Terra
—Cotta Warriors & Horses
1974年3月，临潼区晏寨乡西扬村村民在秦始皇陵东1.5公里处打井时，意外发现了许多碎陶人，经考古工作者探测，这是一个长方形的秦代兵马俑坑。1976年通过钻探，在此坑的北侧20和25米处又发现了两处兵马俑坑。按照它们发现的时间把它们分别定名为兵马俑一、二、三号坑。三个坑的总面积为22780平方米。
一号坑平面呈长方形，东西长230米，宽62米，深5米，总面积14260平方米，为坑道式土木建筑结构，东西两端各有斜坡门道5个，坑道内有10道2.5米宽的夯土隔墙，隔墙上架着粗大的横梁，再铺芦席、细泥和填土。底部以青砖墁铺。一号坑兵马俑按实战军阵排列。俑坑的东端是一个长廊，站着三排面向东的战袍武士俑，每排70件，共210件，手持弓弩，他们是一号坑军阵的前锋部队。长工廊南边有一排面向南的武士俑，是右翼，北边有一排面向北的武士俑，是左翼。西头有一列面向西的武士俑，是后卫。他们手持弓弩等远射兵器，担任整个军阵的警戒任务。在10道隔墙隔开的确良1个过洞里排列着38路面向东的纵队，每路中间都排列有驷马战车。陶俑全部身披铠甲，手持长兵器。它们是一号坑的主力部队。一号坑共有27个探方，根据每个探方里兵马俑排列的密度推算，全部发掘后可出土兵马俑6000余件，其中以步兵居多。
一号坑东端以北是二号坑，平面呈曲尺形，面积6000平方米。它是由4个单元内的4个不同兵种构成的一个典型军队，估计可出土驾车陶马350多匹，骑兵用鞍马100余匹，各种武士俑近1000件，木质战车89辆，是由步兵、骑兵、轻车和混编兵种共同组成的曲尺形军阵。这由来个小阵勾连组成。第一个小方阵是驽兵阵，发俑坑东边突出的大斗部分，共有驽兵330我。其中约160人铠甲跪俑分成8路纵队居于阵心，外围则有170们个战袍立俑作掩护。临阵时，立跪两种姿式可以轮番射击，使敌人难以靠近。第二个小阵即俑坑的南半部，包括1至8过洞，由64乘驷马战车组成，每乘战车上有一个御手，两个甲士，无隶属步兵，因而具有很高的运行速度和突击能力。第三个小阵即俑坑的中部，包括9至11过洞，是一个由战车、步兵和骑兵混编的纵队。它以19辆战车为主，260余个步兵为辅，产8上骑兵6和。第四个小阵即俑坑的北半部，包括12于是4过洞，是由战车6乘、鞍马和骑兵俑各124件组成的骑兵阵。四个单元有机联系构成一个大阵，又可以分开构成四个独立的小阵，能攻能守，自我保护能力强，反映快速。二号坑的四个单元中就有三个单元布有车兵，战车占到整个军阵面积的半数以上，证明在秦代车兵人为作战的主要力量。
三号坑在二号坑以西、一号坑以北25米的地方，平面呈凹面形，面积为520平方米，仅有4马1车和68个陶俑。它的东边是一条长11.2米，宽3.7的斜坡门道，与门道相对应的为一车马房，车马房两侧各有一东西向厢房，即南厢房与北厢房。共出土陶俑64件。这些陶俑的编组排列与一、二号坑不同。一、二号坑内的陶俑都是按作战队形排列，而三号坑内的武士俑则是环绕周壁面内相向夹道式排列。三号坑内武士俑所持兵器也与一、二号坑内武士不同。后者配备的有长射程的弓弩，近距离格斗的矛、戈、钺、剑等，而三号坑内只发现了一种无刃兵器铜殳。铜墙铁壁殳在秦代是一种专门用于仪仗的兵器。在北厢房内还发现有残鹿角一件，动物朽骨一堆。可能是专供战前占卜或祷战活动的场所。通观三号坑整个布局，它可能是整个地下军阵的指挥部——军幕。
陶俑最低为1.78米，最高为1.97米，轻重也不同，最轻的不到110公斤，而最重则达300公斤。为了使体形高大的秦俑保持重心平衡，秦代工匠们在每个陶俑的脚下加上一个踏板，使站立的陶俑更加稳固。
兵器中最引人注目的是一把青铜剑，历经2000多年表面没有生锈，至今仍锋利无比，光亮如新。一次能划透20张纸，经鉴定系铜锡合金，并含有10多种其它稀有金属，表面有层10至15微米的含铬化合物氧化层，表明曾彩铬盐氧化技术处理。镀铬技术是在20世纪30年代由德国人发明的，而我国有2000多年前就开始在兵器上镀铬，实在令人叹服。
1980年月日2月在秦始皇陵西侧20米处，发掘出土了两乘大型彩绘铜车马，按照发现的顺序，被子编为一号和二号铜车马。这两乘都是4马单辕，呈前后纵向列排，一号车应为古代的“高车”，赶车的御官和乘车人都站在车上。二号车叫“安车”，亦称“辒车京”，分为前御室和后乘室，两室之间隔以车墙，赶车人坐在前御室，主人坐在后乘室。二号车配有1500余件金银构件和饰物，显得华丽富贵。它可能是供秦始皇灵魂出游时乘坐的。一号车上配备有弓弩、箭、盾牌、驾车者带有官帽，说明这些车是用来保护后面的二号车安全的。
铜车马处处依照真车、真马、真人制作，除尺寸约为真车马、真人的二分之一处，其它都与真车、真马、真人无异。铜车马大小由3400个零部件组装而成。车长3.17米，高1.06米。铜马高65—67厘米，身长1.2米，重量也各不相同，最轻的为177公斤，最重的212.9公斤。车、马、人总重量达1243公斤。主体为青铜器铸造而成。车马的金银装饰品共计1720件，金银器总重量达7公斤。铜车马是我国时代最早、驾具最全、级别最高、制作最精美的青铜器珍品，也是世界考古中发现的最大青铜器。

门票：90元
营业时间：08：00—18：00

华清池
The Huaqing Pool
华清池位于骊山脚下，自古以来就是沐浴疗养之地。据载，西周曾在这里建过“骊宫”。秦时砌石筑池，取名“骊山汤”。汉代扩建为“离宫”。唐太宗李世民曾在此修建“温泉宫”公元747年，唐玄宗命环山筑宫，宫同建城，改为“华清宫”，其汤池亦称“华清池”，此名沿用至今。
华清池水能治病，远在2000多年前就被人们发现。据传，秦始皇在这里遇见“神女”，欲行无礼，神女恼怒，唾他一脸，唾处立即生疮，始皇恐，忙作忏悔，神女便让他用温泉水冼之而愈。过去历代帝王均在此筑宫，游宴作乐。唐时，每年十月，唐玄宗携带杨贵妃姐妹，前往华清宫，直到第二年春天才回长安。
唐代的华清池毁于“安史之乱”。现在的华清池只是唐朝华清宫的一小部分。今天我们看到的华清池是在清代重建基础上不断整修扩建而成的，占地面积85560平方米。
进华清池的西门，迎面可以看到九龙池、莲花汤和飞霜殿等，都是1959年按唐代建筑风格恢复重建的。
飞霜殿在唐代是玄宗皇帝和杨贵妃的寝殿。当时殿前的汤池之中，整日雾气升腾。每当冬季大雪降临，宫内玉龙飞舞，银装素裹，唯独飞霜殿前，化为白霜，故此得名。
飞霜殿前的九龙汤，相传在很古的时候，关中大旱，玉帝命老龙率8条小龙降雨。当旱象刚刚消除，众龙麻痹松懈，致使旱情再度加剧。玉帝一怒之下，便将众小龙压在玉堤之下，并在堤两头各压晨旭亭和晚霞亭，使众小龙终日口吐清流为民灌田。又将老龙压在玉堤上端的龙吟榭下，使其尽职尽责监视众小龙。九龙池由此得名。
九龙池西侧的九曲回廊直通如同龙船浮于水面的石舫。石舫上有当年玄宗皇帝的御汤“九龙汤”。九龙汤当时手莹白的白玉石砌成，石面皆隐起鱼龙花鸟之状，池中有一双用白玉雕成的才出水际的并蒂莲花，泉眼自瓮口涌出，喷注到白莲上，所以御汤也叫莲花汤。华清池内的骊山温泉水源及西安事变旧址五间厅都位于华清池东

门票：40元
营业时间：08：00—18：00

乾陵博物馆
The QianLing Museum
乾陵是唐高宗李治和皇后武则天的合葬陵。因在长安西北方、八卦的乾位而称乾陵。唐高宗李治系唐太宗李世民的第九子，生于公元628年。因得其母舅长孙无忌的帮助，被选为太子。公元649年太宗死后即位，他因体弱多病，实权操在皇后武则天手中，高宗在位34年，公元683年死于洛阳观贞殿，葬于乾陵。
武则天，名，山西文水人，武则天一当上皇后就参与朝政，公元690年，武则天自称“圣神皇帝”，改国号为“周”，成为中国历史上唯一的女皇帝。
武则天在位21年，公元705年，传位于中宗李显，尊号“则天大圣皇帝”，不久死于洛阳上阳宫，后与高宗合葬于乾陵。
乾陵建于684年，是唐十八陵中保存比较完整的陵墓之一。乾陵的地面设施遗留至今的主要是陵墓石刻，这些石刻大都集中在朱雀门外，从南面的第一对土厥起，向北有华表、翼马、朱雀各一对，石马五对，石人十对，内城四门外有一座石碑，左为“述圣纪碑”，因碑石七节，人称“七节碑”。上层为屋形碑首，中间五节为碑身，下层为碑座。碑通高6.3米，每边宽1.86米。碑文为弄则天撰，中宗李显书，8000余字，内容是颂扬高宗李治的文治武功。右为“无字碑”，高与“述圣记碑”同，宽1.8米，厚1.3米。碑额刻有八条螭首，两侧刻有线雕大龙云纹。初立时，全碑未刻一字，故称“无字碑”。究其原因，一说表示武则天“功高德大”取论语中“民无得而名焉”之意；一说表示武则天雍容大度，立此碑，让后人去对自己评说；也有一种说法认为，此碑乃唐中宗所立，他既不满武则天的独断专行，不愿违心地恭维她，又不愿以一个儿子的身份对母亲提出非议，故而立下此碑。不管怎么说，在帝王陵前立无字碑，在我国历史上还是仅有的。
永泰公主名李仙蕙，字秾辉，是唐高宗李治和武则天的孙女，中宗李显的第七女，嫁于武则天的侄孙驸马都尉武延基。公元701年，死于洛阳，年仅17岁。于706年与武延基合葬于乾县北塬，陪葬乾陵。
章怀太子墓位于乾陵东南约3公里处，章怀太子名贤，是唐高宗李治和武则天的次子，在高宗的子女中较有才华的一个。
依永泰公主墓而建的乾陵博物馆内收藏着从乾陵陪葬墓内（主要是永泰公主墓、章怀太子墓、懿德太子墓）出土的众多文物，这3座墓在五代至北宋时虽已被盗掘，但仍遗留大量的陶瓷器皿、唐三彩、俑及墓志铭等随葬器物。三彩马中，形体最大的要数章怀太子墓出土的一具，高72厘米、长80厘米。各种三彩俑的姿势各不相同，造型十分生动，其中有几十个铠甲骑马俑，是文物中罕见的珍品。

门票：乾陵31元，4个景点共计84元
营业时间：08：00—18：00

法门寺
The FaMen Temple
法门寺是我国古代安置释迦牟尼佛骨舍利的著名寺院。法门，意为修行者必入之门。法门寺始建于东汉，寺因塔而建成法门寺塔，又名“真身宝塔”，因葬有释迦牟尼的手指骨一节而得名。公元前485年，释迦牟尼灭度，印度摩揭陀孔雀在朝阿育王，皈依佛教，为了使佛光远大，将佛骨分成84000份，分葬于世界各地，并建成84000座塔。我国有19座佛祖舍利塔，法门寺塔就是其中之一。因此，法门寺塔和寺有“关中塔庙之祖”的称誉。
1985年，陕西省*仿照明代的砖塔重建新塔，在清理塔基时，意外地发现了地宫，在地宫中发现了深藏千年之久的释迦牟尼指骨舍利和供养舍利的大批珍贵文物。

热心网友时间：2022-06-14 10:26

Tang Xian County of Shaanxi dry dry Mausoleum tours term www.china927.com Date : 2006-2-22 sources : Members tourists : As you know, in all the imperial mausoleum burial are two special attract people's attention, a Hebei - is the East Tomb, one is a dry Shaanxi Tang tombs. The burial is not the emperor, was power itself, acting behind the scene, where China surrendered to the Qing emperor Queen Mother; The latter is buried in China only female emperor Wu Zetian, she knew, government administration is popularly, social and economic advancement, death to the mountains Mausoleum, finished integration, mausoleum preserved for thousands of years. "They are old Liangshan No clouds, the mountains and rocks Cuiwei quite resistant up. South of milk Qiusi cause, and of the earth at Chang'an. "This is Guo Moruo comrades Chien Mausoleum, makes a poem. Dry Mausoleum located 6 km north of dry counties, 80 kilometres away from Xi'an City, is the third generation of Tang dynasty emperor Gao Li and Wu Zetian in the tombs bury husband and wife together. It built in the year 684, after 23 years only basic completion. Dry Mausoleum "Hill Mausoleum for the" built in Liangshan use Liangshan prominent peak (North Fung), and south of the roadway as two peak. North Fung l047.6 metres altitude, a red, the location is discovered. 2 Fung south, east-west confrontation, a mausoleum natural gateway. Within the area of the cemetery 40 kilometres wide, there are around what the nobility Peizangmu 17 blocks. Members tourists Please enter with me in a dry Mausoleum tour. The dry Mausoleum features - tombs of the structure and size of the dry-stone tomb. Members tourists, when we starting from Xi'an along the Wei River and the West River travel, there will be a feeling that both Wei River north of Xianyang original, or in the hills and mountains 32,000 plateau, and it could see the tall majestic imperial tombs. This 800 delegates in the states with imperial tombs of the kings and emperors of the Tang Dynasty Block 18. After more than one hour, that is, through the western Shaanxi small counties dry county, we also found that Block skilful use of natural peak of imperial mausoleum, Que doors, walls, showing the status of imperial mausoleum hard, and this is the third generation of Tang dynasty emperor Li in our history and the first female emperor Wu Zetian of 720,000 -- dry Mausoleum. Now we have stood Liangshan feet, gave rise to Wu Zetian mausoleum. We see Xian in the east, wide Liangshan in West, mountain peak. Distance Liangshan, three blocks peak linked : the tourists are paying off pine and cypress Tsui, peak Qiaoba Wu Zetian imperial mausoleum for the North Fung; Slightly south of the confrontation about to close, two Fung, the special image, the local people commonly known as pap hill. "Hill Mausoleum for" is Tangdiwangling one of the major features. Especially dry Mausoleum and the peak seamless design strength as 32,000 Tang tombs alone see 18. Emperor Taizong in Tang dynasty tombs thought so constructed more thrifty, but stolen from the scourge, Unexpectedly constructed Mausoleum project more cost even more shocking, is stolen to the disaster. Dry Mausoleum construction in high Tang period, mobilized their forces, and money, since alone. From the vast size alone, the momentum Zhuangwei, grandiose architectural perspective, on top Tangdiwangling for the first time. According to "Chi Chang-an," records, the mausoleum walls inside and outside two, four Shing Mun, and Hanukkah, Que, reached a high, and a large number of green buildings. Exploration has shown that the total area of 2.3 million square metres within the city. Four walls, a rosefinch South Gate, a Xuanwumen North East have Tsing Lung Mun, a white tiger West Gate. Now we stand at the rosefinch is dry Mausoleum outside. Members tourists, please follow me forward. Members from the far shore rosefinch outside the mausoleum roof, Sima Road is a very broad front, through North Fung. On both sides of exquisitely ranked 124, vivid images of stone carving. From South to North China have Baling bronze table, wing Ma, the one pair of rosefinch, Shima five pairs, hat, pair of straight Pavilion Shiren 10 pairs. Four stone lions outside their back on North outside a Shima three pairs. In Chinese history, stone tombs of the former number, type and location of placement is removed from Wu Zetian dry Mausoleum started only fixed system has been extended to the Qing dynasty. [Wu Zetian biographical introction-to be in Saint-no word in -- Members tourists, vertical in front of us are two pieces experiencing huge rock 1,000 years of history rain -- to be in and no words in St.. In explaining the two pieces bought, let me briefly explain to everyone what became Queen Wu Zetian. Lee is the great Emperor Li Li Shimin in the ninth son, his 34 years. In accordance with established practice, the eldest son of Prince emperor should enact, as the successor to throne. But Queen's eldest grandson was born in Lee, has been officially ranking ministers and uncle eldest grandson with full impunity great help, the class was elected Prince. Find death, Lee entered in succession, after lung. However, the lack of political will Gao, stupid cowardly, power has changed hands to the Queen Wu Zetian. Wu Zetian of Shanxi Province, the water district, the Health today Guangyuan County. His father was a timber business, rebelled against Sui Dynasty, Sui Li Yuan, the Ministry of Works was appointed high official in ancient China. Wu Zetian moment -- everywhere around, 12 years old his father died, the outer discrimination at home also by two Yimu brother abused, it is these bumps experience tempering her indomitable character. She was 14 years old to the great Emperor Li Palace before selecting people find they head for Nepal, Wen Tang Emperor to be boys, the first named them as Zhaoyi, Yonghui six years (AD 655) was enacted for the Queen. She became a Queen's royal government on participation. From the year 660 onwards, the actual power is the master Wu Zetian. , Wu Zetian in wine poison eldest son, second son of common people spent the Ruizong Pull Down throne, and ultimately in the year 690, Emperor himself sacred wisdom, a change of the national title for the week. After 36 years of struggle, the woman finally got on board being the "Kau Yi," a Chinese history only Queen. Perhaps you will think of a birth in the family timber business class women do not dare to run the world's largest engines, declared himself emperor of China, which is undoubtedly the superior, gifted woman Germany is the feudal ethics challenges, we will not get all kinds of criticism? But if we look at history, Wu Zetian ring 50 years, social stability and economic development, all of which are Chinese historians were acknowledged and commended. Wu Zetian was different from the imperial general, she dared to do their own emperor, but also dare to comment on their own merits, and now we see in St. in the South Gate no words in recorded history and is a very good proof. To be in Saint-wide in a total of seven sections, it is also in section 7. It is said that the seven sections, taking in Qiyao, now, on with the metal, wood, water, fire and earth five planets collectively. 7 in section 7.5 metres high and weighing 89.6 tons. Beizuo, carved in a variety of designs. Inscriptions 8000 I characters, Wu Zetian personally by the author, after the Chinese were writing ostensibly praised the 1735-1795 lung actually raise the Wu Zetian themselves. Stone inscription%, still pictures, filled them with the crumbs. Now we near some can still see the indivial characters of gold ornaments. No word in the high-7.53 metres and weighing about 98.8 tons. In siding engraved with cachet, in the first engraved with each other around 8 glass. No word in that survey, reveals not a word carved. Why not introce a word-in? To date, several claims, first, that the people of Wu Zetian want future generations to make her fair evaluation; First, said Wu Zetian feel boundless beneficence is not used to express words; Of course there is another argument that Cibei dynasty were probably enacted, the arbitrariness of his dissatisfaction Wu Zetian, not against one's will to flatter her, but as a son, Also inconvenience to their mothers criticism in the legislature without allowing people to comment on the characters. In any case, in the Legislative no words in the former imperial tombs in China's history is unique. Perhaps you might ask : character seemed to have words! Yes, there is no change in the word word in the Song, Jin, the number of visitors in lieu of Wuhuang feet inscription, thus leaving a total of 13 characters are broken. Since ancient, wind and rain corrode, most characters have to be identified. Only the alternative Nuzhen letter circle, adjacent to the Chinese translation of "Long recorded her OK" preserve more complete. Nuzhen letter already abandoned, and therefore would have to study this in Nuzhen letter and the valuable information Nuzhen ethnic history and culture. [61 revered as myth -- Wang Bin Members of tourists, we have already seen in the configuration of the city, the 61 revered stone because things like this is to mark the Emperor Wu Zetian funeral minority leaders and foreign embassies and royal seals. 61 revered guest as the Tang Dynasty magnificent history of Chinese and foreign exchange, as well as highlight the foreign relations of dry stone tombs of one of the characteristics of art. Tang dynasty was the most powerful country in the world, the national unity of our country's most prolific period of feudalism, with the world 3op have contacts in many countries and regions. Timothy arise, the entire mourning, 61 countries and regions participate in the dispatch of a special envoy or chiefs personally buried ceremony. After the funeral, Wu Zetian the artisans use pictorial approach, sculpture or diplomats attended the funeral of those who, in rosefinch doors on both sides, respect East 29, West 32 revered by eight forms were ranked. Statues and the real size of similar, wearing tight sleeves clothes, thin broadband, full Dengpi boots and hands before Damascus, said prayers. Since then, as has Dr. Chong revered mausoleum in dry years ago I stood by 1300. Some people have asked what has Shiren first? Yes, the vast majority of the first 61 statues already destroyed, there are now only two revered first, the high nose, dark eyes, probably from the Western embassies. Behind each Shiren original engraved with the name, and official names for the long-term weathering, most characters have to be identified. "Chi Chang-an," although recorded 39 Wangbin name, but it is difficult to be like the last name of Wang Bin and stone, only two revered stone back her clearer. From her analysis, and one from Afghanistan today, another person from Iran. On the head picture of the causes of damage to all opinions differ, and some say the Opium War, the foreign aggressors to dry Mausoleum tour, see birds have their national leaders and envoys of the Chinese emperor guard stone that lack dignity, smashed his head that it is impossible to identify; For thousands of years have said, Shiren Shima has changed God into song, the evening often the destruction of crops, bringing cattle, local people complained, then its head broken. Walker also said that the warlords battle is dry Mausoleum Shiren collapse, Taiwan temple burned, damaged stone real reasons. In fact these processes damage time history books do not have detailed records, if carefully read the letter reveals no words, the days will be found in 12 years (the year 1134) is also a dry Mausoleum maintenance, the result is "like a new painting, reached a high everywhere." Until the Ming Dynasty, here or "turn Wang bought thousands layers, Malaysia ranked trend to Tang" dry stone tombs were not subjected to much damage. It was not until the Qing dynasty, the stone damaged records have seen. Today, although only with the body, but the head for people like Wang Bin watch, but we respect Wangbin like in 61 head damaged but feeling sorry, must be the same superb ancient stone art issued several praise. The preserved tombs of the dry Members tourists, we have to force Huangling ago. And when we want to and the high peak of more than 1,000 years of generation Wuhuang rest in peace and her husband have what feelings? Not only do Mausoleum magnificent appearance, containing also very rich. According to the inscriptions bearing Saint recorded records, Tang Emperor Before their deaths, it was the words of the deceased had loved painting ground yielded. And Wu Zetian of the Tang dynasty and the Tang Emperor is at its peak, yielded funerary goods will be repealed. Most of the imperial mausoleum of Tang Dynasty Five Dynasties Yiu state commissioner Wentao the movies, but dry weather greatly tombs by thieves, and survived. After the founding of the PRC archaeological survey also shows that all dry mausoleum Road, filled mainly with stones, collected in the tomb until the crossing gate, a total of 39 floors. Each stone, are fixed with iron plug board, and fed to lead off. In the historical conditions, to assess, really easy. Archaeological surveys also show that around the mausoleum no Daodong, Mu Shek Wu Zetian and bury husband and wife together in the hall at the original appearance. Therefore, dry Mausoleum had become a regal tomb has not been stolen. Liberation, the excavation dry Mausoleum proposal was raised several times, but for various reasons, the state has agreed to the excavation. 20 In the early 1960's, Premier Zhou Enlai visited Shaanxi mission said : "At present we have no evidence sufficient to protect against the loss of scientific methods, the legacy of ancestral land or let God help us protect more years!" We sincerely hope that all visitors to the protection list, dry Mausoleum and hope to make a greater contribution to China's tourism instry!

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