什么是现在分词和过去分词
发布网友
发布时间：2022-04-25 08:56
共4个回答
热心网友
时间：2023-09-20 13:40
其构成如下：
①直接在动词的后面加上ing，如do→doing，sing→singing，comfort→comforting
②以不发音的e结尾的动词，把e去掉，再加ing，如dance→dancing，hike→hiking
※注意※ 这里的e必须不发音，若发音，则不能去掉，如see→seeing
③最后一个闭音节重读且后面只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写这个辅音字母再加ing，如cut→cutting，swim→swimming
④以ie结尾的动词，要把ie变成y再加ing，如die→dying，lie→lying.不过也有y变ie加ing的。 ⑤以ic结尾的动词，要把ic变成ick再加ing，如picnic→picnicking，traffic→trafficking
以上规则用一句话概括成的口诀就是：直接双写去e，ie变y ing
现在分词的两个基本特点
1. 在时间上表示动作正在进行。例如： a developing country. 一个发展中的国家， boiling water 沸水， rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳。（试比较： a developed country 一个发达国家， boiled water沸水， risen sun 升起的太阳）
2. 在语态上表示主动。例如： the ruling class 统治阶级， the exploiting class 剥削阶级。（试比较： the ruled class 被统治阶级， the exploited class 被剥削阶级）
过去分词：
规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加ed构成（具体规则见后），不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表。
过去分词则属于类动词：
1. 及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子的主语是被动关系，表示主语的状态，不但表示被动，还表示已完成了。 The cup is broken. 茶杯破了。
2. 不及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子的主语是主动关系，表示主语的状态，只表示动作的完成。 He is retired. 他已退休。
3. 有些过去分词作表语时，构成的谓语很接近被动结构。
构成：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(done)
1．规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：
(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。（然而要注意的是，过去分词并不是过去式） work---worked---worked,visit---visited---visited
(2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。 live---lived
(3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 "y" 变为 "i" ，再加“ ed ”。 study---studied---studied,cry---cried---cried,
(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop---stopped---stopped,drop---dropped--dropped
2 、不规则动词，见不规则表如下：
一、A—A—A型，即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。（共7个）
cost—cost—cost cut—cut—cut hit—hit—hit hurt—hurt—hurt let—let—let put—put—put read—read—read
二、A—B—B型，即过去式、过去分词相同。（共41个）
1．过去式和过去分词都含有 -ought。（4个） bring—brought—brought buy—bought—bought think—thought—thought fight-fought-fought
2．词尾有-ild，-end时，只需把d变为t。（4个） build—built—built lend—lent— lent send—sent—sent spend—spent— spent
3．过去式、过去分词都含有 -aught。（2个） catch—caught—caught teach—taught—taught
4．把-eep、-eel变为-ept、-elt。（4个） keep—kept—kept sleep—slept—slept sweep— swept—swept
5．把-ell变为-old。（2个） tell—told—told sell—sold—sold
6．把-ell、-ill变为-elt或-ilt。（4个） smell—smelt—smelt spell—spelt—spelt feel—felt— felt spill—spilt—spilt
7．把-eed、-ead、-eet变为-ed或-et。（4个） feed-fed-fed lead-led-led speed-sped-sped meet-met-met
8．过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加t。（3个） learn—learnt—learnt mean—meant—meant spoil—spoilt—spoilt
9．过去式、过去分词词尾去y变-id（4个） say—said—said pay—paid—paid lay—laid—laid hear—heard—heard
10．改变元音字母。（11个） meet—met—met get—got—got sit—sat—sat find—found—found hold—held—held spit—spat—spat shine—shone—shone win—won—won hang—hung—hung dig— g—glose—lost—lost
11．改变辅音字母。（1个） make—made—made
12．改变元、辅音字母。（4个） leave—left—left stand—stood—stood have（has）— had—had understand—understood—understood
三、A—B—C型，即原形、过去式、过去分词都不相同。（共37个）
1．i—a—u变化。（7个） begin—began—begun drink—drank—drunk sing— sang—sung ring—rang—rung swim—swam—swum sink— sank—sunk spring-sprang-sprung 2．词尾为-ow，-aw时，过去式将其变为-ew，过去分词在其原形后加n。（5个） blow—blew—blown draw—drew—drawn grow— grew—grown know—knew—known throw—threw—thrown（show除外）
3．词尾为“i+辅（1个）+e”，过去式将i变为o，过去分词多在原形后加n，若那个辅音字母为d或t，须双写d或t后加n。（4个）（give，hide除外） drive—drove—driven write—wrote—written ride— rode—ridden rise—rose—risen
4．过去分词在过去式后加n。（1个） wake—woke— woken
5．过去分词由过去式加-ten构成。（2个） get-got-gotten forget—forgot—forgotten 6．过去分词由原形加（e）n构成。（6个） be—was（were）—been eat—ate—eaten fall—fell—fallen give—gave—given see—saw—seen hide—hid—hidden（hid）
7．词尾为-ake时，过去式将其变为-ook，过去分词在原形词后加-n。（2个） take—took—taken mistake—mistook—mistaken
8．原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同。（6个） do—did—done fly—flew—flown go—went—gone lie—lay—lain show—showed—shown wear—wore—worn
9．词尾为-eak时，过去式将其变为-oke，过去分词在原形词后加-n。（2个） break—broke—broken speak—spoke—spoken
10．词中间为“oo+辅（1个）+e”或“ee+辅（1个）+e”，过去式将oo、ee变为o，过去分词在原形词后加-n。（2个） choose—chose—chosen freeze—froze—frozen
四、A—A—B型，即过去式和原形相同。（1个） beat—beat—beaten
五、A—B—A型，即过去分词和原形相同。（3个）
1.词中间为“o+辅（1个）+e”时，过去式将o变为a。（2个） come—came—come become—became—become
2.u—a—u变化。（1个） run— ran—run 六、情态动词型，只有原形和过去式，没有过去分词。（4个） can—could may—might will—would shall—should
3.动词原形 过去式 过去分词 arise arose arisen awake awoke/awaked awoken be was/were been bear bore borne(携带)/born(出生) beat beat beaten become became become begin began begun befall befell befallen bend bent bent bet bet bet bind bound bound bite bit bitten/bit bleed bled bled blend blended blent bless blessed blest blow blew blown break broke broken breed bred bred bring brought brought broadcast broadcast/broadcasted broadcast/broadcasted build built built burn burnt/burned burnt/burned burst burst burst buy bought bought cast cast cast catch caught caught choose chose chosen cleave clove/cleft cloven/cleft cling clung clung clothe clothed/clad clothed/clad come came come cost cost cost creep crept crept crow crowed/crew crowed cut cut cut dare dared/rst dared deal dealt dealt dig g g do did done draw drew drawn dream dreamt/dreamed dreamt/dreamed drink drank drunk drive drove driven dwell dwelt dwelt eat ate eaten fall fell fallen feed fed fed feel felt felt fight fought fought find found found flee fled fled fling flung flung fly flew flown forbid forbade/forbad forbidden forecast forecast/forecasted forecast/forecasted forget forgot forgotten forgive forgave forgiven freeze froze frozen gainsay gainsaid gainsaid get got gotten gild gilded/gilt gilded gird girded/girt girded/girt give gave given go went gone grave graved graven/graved grind ground ground grow grew grown hang hung/hanged hung/hanged have had had hear heard heard heave heaved/hove hesved/hove hide hid hidden hit hit hit hold held held hurt hurt hurt keep kept kept kneel knelt knelt know knew known lade laded laden lay laid laid lead led led lean lesnt/leaned lesnt/leaned leap leapt/leaped leapt/leaped learn learnt/learned learnt/learned leave left left lend lent lent let let let lie lay lain light lit/lighted lit/lighted lose lost lost make made made mean meant meant meet met met melt melted meited/molten mistake mistook mistaken misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood outgrow outgrew outgrown overcome overcame overcome oversee oversaw overseen pay paid paid prove proved proved/proven put put put quit quitted/quit quitted/quit read read read rend rent rent ride rode ridden ring rang rung rise rose risen rive rived riven/rived run ran run saw sawed sawn/sawed say said said see saw seen seek sought sought sell sold sold send sent sent set set set sew sewed sewn/sewed shake shook shaken shave shaved shaved/shaven shear sheared sheared/shorn shed shed shed shine shone shone shoe shod shod shoot shot shot show showed shown/showed shrink shrank/shrunk shrunk/shrunken shrive shrove/shrived shriven/shrived shut shut shut sing sang/sung sung sink sank/sunk sunk/sunken sit sat sat slay slew slain sleep slept slept slide slid slid sling slung slung slink slunk slunk slit slit slit smell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled smite smote smitten sow sowed sown/sowed speak spoke spoken speed sped/speeded sped/speeded spell spelt/spelled spelt/spelled spend spent spent spill spilt/spilled spilt/spilled spin spun/span spun spit spat/spit spat/spit spoil spoilt/spoiled spoilt/spoiled spread spread spread spring sprang/sprung sprung stand stood stood stave staved/stove staved/stove steal stole stolen stick stuck stuck sting stung stung swear swore sworn sweep swept swept swell swelled swollen/swelled swim swam swum swing swung swung take took taken teach taught taught tear tore torn tell told told think thought thought throw threw thrown thrust thrust thrust tread trod trodden/trod upset upset upset wake woke/waked woken/waked wear wore worn weave wove woven weep wept wept win won won wind wound wound work worked/wrought worked/wrought wring wrung wrung write wrote written
在实际使用中，特别是在口语交流中，有时往往会用错时态，这没关系，老外已经知道你要表达的意思了。在书写时注意写对就行了。
英语主要目的是为了构通和交流，达到这个目的就行了，没必要对此死记硬背。
热心网友
时间：2023-09-20 13:40
定义
由动词原形+ing形式组成。具有双重性，一面具有动词的特征，可以有自己的宾语和状语；另一面具有形容词和副词的特征，可以充当表语，定语，状语，补足语，可以表示主动或正在进行的动作，是非谓语动词的一种。
构成形式
①直接在动词的后面加上ing，如do→doing，sing→singing，comfort→comforting
②以不发音的e结尾的动词，把e去掉，再加ing，如dance→dancing，hike→hiking
※注意※ 这里的e必须不发音，若发音，则不能去掉，如see→seeing
③最后一个闭音节重读且后面只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写这个辅音字母再加ing，如cut→cutting，swim→swimming
④以ie结尾的动词，要把ie变成y再加ing，如die→dying，lie→lying
以上规则用一句话概括成的口诀就是： 直接双写去e，ie变y ing
可作成分
定语 状语 补语 表语
· 作定语
过去分词
规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加ed构成(具体规则见后)，不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表。 过去分词则属于类动词：
1. 及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子的主语是被动关系,表示主语的状态,不但表示被动,还表示已完成了. The cup is broken. 茶杯破了.
2. 不及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子的主语是主动关系,表示主语的状态,只表示动作的完成. He is retired. 他已退休.
3. 有些过去分词作表语时,构成的谓语很接近被动结构.
热心网友
时间：2023-09-20 13:41
下面大写的单词就是 “过去分词 ”和 “现在分词”：
过去分词
•I have WORKED here for five years.
•He needs a folder MADE of plastic.
•It is DONE like this.
•I have never BEEN so happy.
•He is a BROKEN man.
现在分词
•I am WORKING.
•SINGING well is not easy.
•HAVING finished, he went home.
•You are BEING silly!
热心网友
时间：2023-09-20 13:41
soaked moved disguised amused taught driven touched mixed typed washed ironed mentioned rolled walked locked
现在分词有“直接，双写，去‘哑e’三种情形。”
直接就是直接加ing，双写有个口诀：一重，一元，一辅。也就是它必须是重读闭音节，结尾只有一个辅音字母，这个辅音字母的前面只有一个元音字母，那么就双写这个辅音字母，再加ing。去”哑e”的是它结尾的是不发音的字母e，那么就去e加ing。
而动词的过去式和过去分词除了规则变化加ed之外，不规则的有AB C型，AAB型，AAA型，ABB型，ABA型。记住了然后可以归类。
