逐句精讲新概念英语第二册:第17课 青春常驻
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发布时间：2023-07-24 10:15
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时间：2024-11-30 23:55
课文内容：
My aunt Jennifer is an actress. She must be at least thirty-five years old. In spite of this, she often appears on the stage as a young girl. Jennifer will have to take part in a new play soon. This time, she will be a girl of seventeen. In the play, she must appear in a bright red dress and long black stockings. Last year in another play, she had to wear short socks and a bright, orange-coloured dress. If anyone ever asked her how old she is, she always answers, ‘My dear, it must be terrible to be grown up!'
本文语法：情态动词must和have to的用法
语法归纳：must通常表示主观上的“必须”，have to通常表示客观上的“不得不”。
1)has / have to = has / have got to，后者常常用于口 语中。
2)has / have to 的过去式为had to。
例如：You must clean your own room.你必须打扫你的房间了。
I have to leave at 6 o’clock this afternoon.今天下午六点钟我必须得走。
Last winter, we had to wear gloves and scarf.去年冬天，我们不得不戴上手套和围巾。
Have you got to go? 你一定要去吗?
逐句精讲：
1.My aunt Jennifer is an actress.
我的姑姑詹妮弗是一个演员。
语言点1 构词法总结：以-er,-or,-ce结尾表人的名词常指男性，而以-ess结尾表人的名词常指女性: waiter男服务员 waitress女服务员 actor男演员 actress女演员 prince王子 princess公主 lion狮子 lioness母狮子 god神 goddess 女神 policeman * policewoman 女*
学习小贴士： teacher(教师)、doctor(医生)、professor(教授)不分男女。
语言点2 注意actor, actress前不定冠词用an,并且需要连续。
2.She must be at least thirty-five years old.
她至少也有35岁了
语言点1 must be很可能是，一定是
1)must be对一般现在事实的推测：He must be an actor.他一定是一个演员。
2)must be doing对现在正在进行事情的推测：My sister must be watching TV.我的妹妹一定是在看电视。
3)must have done 对一般过去事实的推测：They must have arrived at the railway station. 他们肯定已经到火车站了。
4)must have been doing 对过去正在进行事情的推测：Last year he must have been learning GRE.去年他肯定是在学GRE。
5)must have been doing 对过去正在进行事情的推测：Last year he must have been learning GRE去年他肯定是在学GRE。
语言点2 比较学习：“at +最髙级”表示“最……，至……”
1)at least 至少：You must read this article at least three times.你必须把这篇文章至少读三遍。
2)at most至多：I can stay here for at most an hour.我最多只能在这里待上一个小时。
3)at first 首先：At first it was very cold, but then it got hotter. 一开始天气很冷，但后来变热了。
4)at last 最后：I had to give all my dollars to the robber at last.最后我不得已把所有的美金都给了抢劫者。
5)at best 最有可能，充其量：We can not arrive at the Capital Airport before 10 o’clock at best.我们无论如何十点之前也到不了首都机场。
6)at worst 最坏的情况，最差：At worst we still have one train ticket.作最坏的打算，我们仍然还有一张火车票。
3.In spite of this, she often appears on the stage as a young girl.
尽管如此，她依然经常在舞台上扮演小姑娘。
语言点1 in spite of = despite意为“尽管如此”，后面经常接名词(短语)或代词(短语)。
试译：尽管已经上了年纪，我爷爷依然每天都要劳动。
Despite old age, my grandfather still works hard every day.
再译：尽管天气恶劣，我们还是及时赶到了办公室。
In spite of terrible weather, we arrived at the office in time.
语言点2 扮演……角色：appear on the stage as sb, / perform in the role of …
Because he looks very young, he often performs in the role of little boy.
因为他长得很年轻，所以常常扮演小男孩的角色。 4.Jennifer will have to take part in a new play soon.
詹妮弗很快又出演一部新戏了。
语言点 1 take part in a play = perform a play 演戏
Last night the pupils performed a good play.昨天晚上，小学生们演了一场好戏。
语言点2 have to take part in a new play 指詹妮弗作为一个职业演员因为工作需要，客观上不得不出演。对比主观上“必须” ：Must we study hard every day?我们是不是每天都得努力学习呢?
5.This time, she will be a girl of seventeen.
这回，她要演一个17岁的女孩儿。
语言点 表达年龄的短语(以17岁的女孩为例)：
1) a girl 17 years old (s 不可省) 2) a 17-year-old girl 3) a girl of 17 4) a girl aged 17
6.In the play, she must appear in a bright red dress and long black stockings.
在戏里，她得穿上鲜红的裙子和黑色的长筒袜。
语言点1 关于穿着的表达：
appear in...：I often appear in white shirt.我炫常穿白衬衫。
dress in... ：My sister dresses in a blue skirt today.今天我姐姐穿着一条蓝色的裙子
has / have sth. on：He has a nice suit on.他穿着一件漂亮的西装。
wear sth.: The English teacher wears a light gray coat.英语老师穿着一件浅灰色的外套
be in +颜色/衣服：This girl is in dark jeans.这个女孩子穿着深色的牛仔裨。
语言点2 long +black + stockings, long和black两个形容词都用来修饰stockings。多个形容词作前置定语举例：
spare old clothes 多余的旧衣服; dark red new socks 深红色的新短袜;high smart little girl 高个的聪明小女孩 7.Last year in another play, she had to wear short socks and a bright, orange-coloured dress.
去年，在另一部戏里，她不得不穿短袜和一件鲜艳的橘*衣服。
语言点1 last year是过去时间状语,所以句中用have to的过去式had to。
1)“had to (have to的过去式)+动词原形”表示过去不得不做某事：had to wear (过去) 不得不穿;had to finish(过去)不得不完成
试译：今天早上，我不得不等了他三个小时。
This morning I had to wait for him for 3 hours.
2)have to的否定形式：don’t have to。注意：haven’t to是错误的表达。
You don’t have to go there.你不是必须要去那儿。
3)had to的否定形式：didn’t have to。注意：hadn’t to是错误的表达。
语言点2 bright, orange-coloured dress中有一个逗号，在此没有实际的意义，两个形容词都用来修饰dress.
8.If anyone ever asked her how old she is, she always answers, ‘My dear, it must be terrible to be grown up!'
一旦有人问她有多大年纪，她总是回答：“亲爱的，长大*真可怕啊! ”
语言点1 此句中if引导真实条件句，主句用一般现在时表示将来。
语言点2 grow v.生长;grow up长大;grown up长大*(grown为grow的过去分词)
