Long Live Paper求翻译
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发布时间：2022-04-25 05:56
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时间：2023-11-01 00:29
这是美国作家Justin. B的一篇文章，针对当时邓肯*提出的淘汰纸质教科书观点进行评判。
文章内容是“身处E时代，莫忘纸张香”。
下面是详细参考，我没有360文库账号不嗯能够复制，你自己看吧。
http://www.360doc.com/content/12/1016/17/5707568_241854668.shtml
原文及译文如下：
long live paper
by justin b. hollander october 16, 2012
medford, mass.
last week, ecation secretary arne ncan declared a war on paper textbooks. “over the next few years,” he said in a speech at the national press club, “textbooks should be obsolete.” in their place would come a variety of digital-learning technologies, like e-readers and multimedia web sites.
pia bramley
such technologies certainly have their place. but secretary ncan is threatening to light a bonfire to a tried-and-true technology — good old paper — that has been the foundation for one of the ecational systems on the planet. and while e-readers and multimedia may seem appealing, the idea of replacing an effective learning platform with a widely hyped but still unproven one is extremely dangerous.
a renowned expert on reading, maryanne wolf, has recently begun studying the effects of digital reading on learning, and so far the results are mixed. she worries that internet reading, in particular, could besuch a source of distractions for the student that they may cancel out most other potential benefits of a web-linked, e-learning environment. and while it’s true that the high-tech instry has sponsored substantial amounts of research on the potential benefits of web-based learning, not enough time has passed for longitudinal studies to demonstrate the full effects.
in addition, digital-reading advocates claim that lightweight e-books benefit students’ backs and save schools money. but the rolling backpack seems to have solved the weight problem, and the astounding costs to outfit every student with an e-reader, provide technical support and pay for regular software updates promise to make the e-textbook a very pricey option.
as both a teacher who uses paper textbooks and a student of urban history, i can’t help but wonder what parallels exist between my own field and this sudden, wholesale abandonment of the technology of paper.
for example, when cars began to fill america’s driveways, and new highways were laid across the land, the first thing cities did was encourage the dismantling of our train systems. streetcar lines were torn up. a result, for many cities, was to rip apart the urban core and run highways through it, which only accelerated the flow of residents, commerce and investment to the suburbs.
but in recent years, new streetcar lines have been built or old systems extended in places like pittsburgh, jersey city and phoenix. they are casting aside a newer technology in favor of an older one.
this lesson of technology-inspired extinction can be retold in many other domains of life: the way phonographs nearly disappeared when the music cd was invented; the rejection of bicycles in the middle of the 20th century; the shuttering of polaroid factories with the advent of digital cameras.
my point is not that these are all pernicious or reversible developments. on the contrary, we have all benefited from new advances in medicine, communications and computing, even those that displaced familiar technologies.
the polaroid is a wonderful device for what it is, but it will and should remain a technological novelty. on the other hand, few higher-tech formats deliver the lush sound quality of the vinyl record, and younger generations have recently returned to the format.
in other words, we shouldn’t jump at a new technology simply because it has advantages; only time and study will reveal its disadvantages and show the value of what we’ve left behind.
which brings us back to paper. with strength and rability that could last thousands of years, paper can preserve information without the troubles we find when our most cherished knowledge is stuck on an unreadable floppy disk or lost deep in the “cloud.”
paper textbooks can be stored and easily referenced on a shelf. data are as easy to retrieve from paper as reaching across your desk for a textbook. they are easy to read and don’t require a battery or plug. though the ipad and e-readers have increasingly better screen clarity, the idea that every time a person reads a book, newspaper or magazine in the near future they will require an energy source is frightening.
the digitization of information offers important benefits, including instant transmission, easy searchability and broad distribution. but before we shred the last of the paper textbooks, let us pause and remember those old streetcars, and how great it would be if we still had them around.
justin b. hollander is an assistant professor of urban and environmental policy and planning at tufts university and the author of “sunburnt cities: the great recession, depopulation and urban planning in the american sunbelt.”
身处e时代，莫忘纸张香
贾斯汀·霍兰德 2012年10月16日
马萨诸塞州梅德福。
上周，教育*阿恩·邓肯(arne ncan)向纸质教科书宣战。他在全美新闻俱乐部(national press club)的一次演讲中表示，“在未来几年，教科书将成为历史。”与此同时，各种数字教学科技将取而代之，譬如电子书和多媒体网站。
按图放大
pia bramley
数字科技有着自己的地位，这点无可厚非。但是邓肯*是在试图放一把火烧掉这项历经年月考验的人类发明：我们最最熟悉宝贵的纸张。它是我们这个星球上一个伟大教育体系的基石。虽然电子书和多媒体听起来很诱人，并被广为追捧，但它们用于教育的功效尚未得到验证，盲目取代我们现有的有效教育平台将无比危险。
著名的阅读专家玛丽安娜·沃尔夫(maryanne wolf)近来开始研究电子阅读在学习领域的效果，到目前为止，结果好坏参半。她担心网络阅读会过多分散学生的注意力，以至于会抵消网络和电子教学的很多其他潜在好处。虽然高科技行业赞助了大量有关网络教育益处的研究，但这种科技存在的时间尚短，因而没有足够的纵向研究可以显示它的整体效果。
此外，提倡电子阅读的人们强调轻便的电子书对学生们的后背有益，同时也能节约学校的资金。但有滚轴的背包似乎早已解决了书包重量的问题。而与此同时，要给每一个学生配备电子阅读器，提供技术支持，并定期更新软件却耗资巨大。
作为使用纸质教科书的老师，和研究城市历史的学生，我不禁要问，这种突然的对纸张这一技术的全盘放弃在我的研究领域是否有相似的案例。
举例来说，当美国的马路上开始充斥汽车的身影，高速路铺遍全国，一些城市做的第一件事就是鼓励废除有轨交通系统。有轨电车的轨道被挖了出来。这样做的一个结果就是高速路穿越城市，将市中心分割开。这加速了居民、商业和投资向郊区迁移。
但是近年来，却有一些城市新建或者延长了电车线路，比如匹兹堡、泽西市以及菲尼克斯。他们放弃了更新的科技，转而选择比较老的技术。
这种科技引发的“灭绝”在我们生活的许多领域都可见到：cd出现后，留声机几乎消失；20世纪中期人们曾放弃使用自行车；数字照相机出现后，生产一次成像相机的宝丽莱(polaroid)工厂纷纷关闭。
我并不是在说，这样的发展都是危险或可逆的。相反，我们都受益于医药、通讯、计算机领域的新发明，即使这些新发明有时会完全取代我们更熟悉的科技。
一次成像相机是一个了不起的发明，但它将只是一种奇特的小科技而已，这也是应该的。另一方面，新科技音乐介质却很少能拥有黑胶唱片的丰富的音质，年轻人在近些年也开始青睐这种音乐的载体形式。
换言之，我们不应该仅仅因为一个新的技术拥有一些好处而匆忙选择它。更多的时间和研究会向我们揭示它的缺点，并提醒我们那些被放弃的旧事物的价值。
那么，我们再回到纸这个话题。 如今，当我们最珍贵知识存在了一张不可读的软盘上，或者消失在“云”中，麻烦就来了。相比而言，纸张保存的信息却能够历经数千年。
纸质教科书可置于书架上，并随时翻阅。只需一伸手，信息就轻易可得。它们方便阅读，也不需电池或者接线。虽然ipad和电子书的屏幕清晰度不断提高，但想到在未来如果每次读一本书，一张报纸，或者一本杂志，我们都需要电池或者电源的支持，我会觉得可怕。
信息的电子化为人类带来了重要的益处，我们享用着包括即时传输、便捷搜索和广泛传播的种种好处。但是就在撕掉最后一页教科书之前，让我们停下来，想想那些老电车。如果它们还在运行有多好。
贾斯汀·b·霍兰德(justin. b. hollander)是塔夫斯大学(tufts university)助理教授，研究领域：城市与环境*和规划。并著有《被太阳晒黑的城市: 美国阳光地带大衰退，人口减少与城市规划》(sunburnt cities: the great recession, depopulation and urban planning in the american sunbelt)。
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时间：2023-11-01 00:29
长 生活 纸
一辈子？？？追问通俗易懂点
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Long Live Pape
的意思是久住了
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