求高中英语冠词语法
发布网友
发布时间:2022-04-26 08:58
我来回答
共3个回答
热心网友
时间:2022-06-26 05:53
冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种,一种是定冠词(the Definite Article),另一种是不定冠词(the Indefinite Article),还有一种是零冠词(Zero Article)。
不定冠词a (an)与数词one 同源,是"一个"的意思。a用于辅音音素前,一般读作[e],而an则用于元音音素前,一般读做[en]。
1) 表示"一个",意为one;指某人或某物,意为a certain。
A Mr. Ling is waiting for you.
2) 代表一类人或物。
A knife is a tool for cutting with.
Mr. Smith is an engineer.
3) 词组或成语。
a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on / all of a sudden
定冠词the与指示代词this,that同源,有"那(这)个"的意思,但较弱,可以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。
1)特指双方都明白的人或物:
Take the medicine. 把药吃了。
2)上文提到过的人或事:
He bought a house. I've been to the house.
他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。
3)指世上独一物二的事物:
the sun, the sky, the moon, the earth
4)单数名词连用表示一类事物,如:the dollar 美元;
the fox 狐狸;或与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人:the rich 富人; the living 生者。
5)用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词only, very, same等前面:
Where do you live? I live on the second floor. 你住在哪?我住在二层。
That's the very thing I've been looking for. 那正是我要找的东西。
6)与复数名词连用,指整个群体:
They are the teachers of this school.指全体教师)
They are teachers of this school. (指部分教师)
7)表示所有,相当于物主代词,用在表示身体部位的名词前:
She caught me by the arm.. 她抓住了我的手臂。
8)用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前:
the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国
the United States 美国
9)用在表示乐器的名词之前: She plays the piano. 她会弹钢琴。
10) 用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人:
the Greens 格林一家人 (或格林夫妇)
11) 用在惯用语中:
in the day, in the morning (afternoon,evening), the day after tomorrow
the day before yesterday, the next morning,
in the sky (water,field,country)
in the dark, in the rain, in the distance,
in the middle (of), in the end,
on the whole, by the way, go to the theatre
1) 国名,人名前通常不用定冠词:England,Mary;
2)泛指的复数名词,表示一类人或事物时,可不用定冠词;
They are teachers. 他们是教师。
3)抽象名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词;
Failure is the mother of success. 失败乃成功之母。
4)物质名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词,当表示特定的意思时,需要加定冠词;
Man cannot live without water. 人离开水就无法生存。
5)在季节、月份、节日、 假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前,不加冠词;
We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我们从星期一到星期五都上课。
6)在称呼或表示官衔,职位的名词前不加冠词;
The guards took the American to General Lee.
士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。
7)在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前,不加冠词 如:have breakfast,play chess
8)当两个或两个以上名词并用时,常省去冠词;
I can't write without pen or pencil. 没有钢笔和铅笔,我就写不了字。
9)当by 与火车等交通工具连用,表示一种方式时,中间无冠词;by bus,by train;
10)有些个体名词不用冠词;如:
school,college,prison,market,hospital,bed,table,class,town,church,court 等个体名词,直接置于介词后,表示该名词的深层含义;
go to hospital 去医院看病
go to the hospital 去医院 (并不是去看病,而是有其他目的)
11)不用冠词的序数词;
a. 序数词前有物主代词
b. 序数词作副词 He came first in the race.
c. 在固定词组中 at (the) first,first of all, from first to last
1) 两个形容词都有冠词,表示两个不同东西。
He raises a black and a white cat. 他养了一只黑猫和一只白猫。
The black and the white cats are hers. 这只黑猫和白猫都是他的。
2) 如后一个形容词无冠词,则指一物。
He raises a black and white cat. 他养了一只花猫。
1) 不定冠词位置
不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。注意:
a. 位于下列形容词之后: such,what,many,half,
I have never seen such an animal.
Many a man is fit for the job.
b. 当名词前的形容词被副词as, so, too, how, however, enough修饰时,不定冠词应放在形容词之后:
It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.
So short a time.
Too long a distance.
c. quite,rather与单数名词连用,冠词放在其后。
但当rather,quite 前仍有形容词,不定冠词放其前后均可。如:quite a lot
d. 在as,though 引导的让步状语从句中,当标语为形容词修饰的名词时,不定冠词放形容词后:
Brave a man though he is,he trembles at the sight of snakes. 他尽管勇敢,可见到蛇还是发抖。
当名词被比较级形容词修饰时,不定冠词通常置于比较级形容词之后。
2) 定冠词位置
定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前,但放在all, both,double,half,twice,three times等词之后,名词之前。
All the students in the class went out. 班里的所有学生都出去了。
热心网友
时间:2022-06-26 05:53
二.冠词
冠词分为不定冠词(a, an),定冠词(the),和零冠词。
I. 不定冠词的用法:
1指一类人或事,相当于a kind ofA plane is a machine that can fly.
2第一次提及某人某物,非特指A boy is waiting for you.
3表示“每一”相当于every,oneWe study eight hours a day.
4表示“相同”相当于the sameWe are nearly of an age.
5用于人名前,表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事A Mr. Smith came to visit you when you were out
That boy is rather a Lei Feng.
6用于固定词组中A couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time
7用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后This room is rather a big one.
8用于so(as, too, how)+形容词之后She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.
II. 定冠词的用法:
1表示某一类人或物The horse is a useful animal.
2用于世上独一无二的事物名词前the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean
3表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事Would you mind opening the door?
4用于乐器前面play the violin, play the guitar
5用于形容词和分词前表示一类人the reach, the living, the wounded
6表示“一家人”或“夫妇”the Greens, the Wangs
7用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前He is the taller of the two children.
8用于国家党派等以及江河湖海,山川群岛的名词前the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French
9用于表示发明物的单数名词前The compass was invented in China.
10在逢十的复数数词之前,指世纪的某个年代in the 1990’s
11用于表示单位的名词前I hired the car by the hour.
12用于方位名词,身体部位名词,及表示时间的词组前He patted me on the shoulder.
III. 零冠词(也就是没有冠词)的用法:
1专有名词,物质名词,抽象名词,人名地名等名词前Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air
2名词前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等*I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this?
3季节,月份,星期,节假日,一日三餐前March, Sunday, National Day, spring
4表示职位,身份,头衔的名词前Lincoln was made President of America.
5学科,语言,球类,棋类名词前He likes playing football/chess.
6与by连用表示交通工具的名词前by train, by air, by land
7以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night
8 表示泛指的复数名词前Horses are useful animals.
热心网友
时间:2022-06-26 05:54
买本语法书自己研究一下吧!