莎士比亚的四大喜剧(in English)
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发布时间：2022-05-02 05:30
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热心网友
时间：2023-10-09 16:36
主要描写的是青年男女为追求爱情自由，与封建意识、封建顽固势力和各种自私欺骗行为所进行的斗争。《威尼斯商人》写青年商人安东尼奥为帮助朋友巴萨尼奥向名门闺秀鲍西娅求婚，向高利贷商人夏洛克借钱。因货船触礁无法如期还债。夏洛克嫉恨安东妮奥，坚持要按借约从安东尼奥身上割下一磅肉。鲍西娅化装成律师出庭辩护，粉碎了夏洛克企图以法律名义行凶报复的阴谋。《无事生非》写的是少年贵族克劳狄奥与总督之女希罗一见钟情，决定一周后举行婚礼，众人又极力撮合互相争强斗胜的贝特丽丝和培尼狄克相爱。唐·约翰设下诡计，让克劳狄奥误以为希罗是个*，在婚礼上当众辱骂她。希罗气急晕倒，克劳狄奥以为希罗已死，十分痛悔，到坟堂追悼。最终*大白，两人重逢。《皆大欢喜》讲述被放逐的公爵的女儿罗瑟琳与受到长兄奥列佛*的奥兰多相爱。不久罗瑟琳受到叔父、篡位者弗莱德里克的放逐，女扮男装逃亡到亚登森林，与奥兰多不期而遇。以此为主线，穿插了奥兰多以德报怨，拯救了兄长，使其天良发现，并与西莉娅产生爱情。弗莱德里克受隐士点拨，翻然悔悟，归还权位等故事。最终共有四对恋人喜结良缘，皆大欢喜。《第十二夜》写孪生兄妹西巴斯辛和薇奥拉遇海难失散。薇奥拉爱上了公爵奥西诺，女扮男装给他当侍童。但公爵却爱着伯爵小姐奥丽维娅。可奥丽维娅反而爱上了代替公爵向自己求爱的薇奥拉。经过一番有趣的波折之后，薇奥拉与奥西诺，奥丽维娅与西巴斯辛双双结成良缘。
鉴赏与评析
四大喜剧代表了莎士比亚喜剧艺术的最高成就。其基本主题是歌颂爱情和友谊，如在《威尼斯商人》中，作者通过安东尼奥的形象，赞美了友谊和仁爱精神，又通过巴萨尼奥和鲍西娅的爱情故事，说明真正爱情的纯洁与朴实。《皆大欢喜》、《第十二夜》中那些追求爱情自由的年轻人历经磨难，终成眷属。作者无情地批判了封建门阀观念、家长*批判了中世纪以来的禁欲主义和蒙昧主义，并在对爱情自由和个性解放的赞美中，表现了人文主义的生活理想。
作者塑造了许多具有高尚情操的敢作敢为的青年男女形象，论身份，他们是贵族，然而他们的思想行为却体现了人文主义原则，具有新的时代精神。尤其是女主人公的形象。更为光彩照人。她们率真、热情、刚毅、机智。敢于向传统观念挑战，勇敢地追求爱情。如罗瑟琳女扮男装，逃出宫廷，自己挑选爱人，并大胆地表白。薇奥拉更是积极、热情、坦率，并表现了崇高的自我牺牲精神。她们聪明果断、敢作敢为，如鲍西娅假扮律师，以惊人的才智战胜狡猾贪婪的夏洛克。这些女性形象是理想化了的资产阶级新女性，寄托了作者的最高理想。
莎士比亚的喜剧是抒情性的浪漫喜剧。故事多发生在南欧，具有异国风光，异乡情调。作者善于利用误会和巧合，用面貌相似、乔装改扮或设圈套、开玩笑等手段，人为地制造一些离奇曲折、变幻莫测的戏剧情节和滑稽可笑、意趣磺生的场面。多线索平行交叉，构成完整的艺术整体，更使情节显得生动丰富、跌宕起伏，自然地激起欣赏者的情感波涛。
总而言之，莎士比亚喜剧充满了明朗的色彩、乐观的基调，具有浓厚浪漫色彩。
精彩语录
●一个人思虑太多，就会失却做人的兴趣。
●与其做愚蠢的智人，不如做聪明的愚人。
●傻瓜的愚蠢往往是聪明人的砺石。
●一支小小的蜡烛，它的光照耀得多么远！一件善事也正像这支蜡烛一样，在这罪恶的世界上发出广大的光辉。
●全世界是一个舞台，所有的男男*不过是些演员
●真理是喜欢公开交易的。
●真的爱情是不能用语言表达的。
热心网友
时间：2023-10-09 16:37
A Midsummer Night's Dream 仲夏夜之梦
Twelfth Night 第十二夜
The Tempest 暴风雨
热心网友
时间：2023-10-09 16:37
The Taming of the Shrew is an early comedy by William Shakespeare believed to have been written between 1590 and 1594.[1] The play begins with a framing device, often referred to as the Inction, in which a drunken tinker named Sly is tricked into thinking he is a nobleman by a mischievous Lord.
The Lord has a play performed for Sly's amusement with a primary and sub-plot. The main plot depicts the courting of Petruchio, a gentleman of Verona, and Katherina, the headstrong, obrate, and eponymous shrew. Initially, Katherina is an unwilling participant in the relationship but Petruchio tempers her with various psychological torments - the "taming" - until she is an obedient bride. The sub-plot features a competition between the suitors of Katherina's less intractable sister, Bianca.
The play's misogynistic elements have become the subject of considerable controversy, particularly among modern audiences and readers. It has nevertheless been adapted numerous times for stage, screen, opera, and musical theatre; the most famous adaptation being Cole Porter's Kiss Me Kate.
The play's date of composition and genesis cannot be easily discerned, e to its uncertain relationship with another Elizabethan play with an almost identical plot but different wording, entitled The Taming of a Shrew
Twelfth Night
Twelfth Night, Or What You Will is a comedy by William Shakespeare, based on the short story "Of Apollonius and Silla" by Barnabe Rich, which in turn was based on a story by Matteo Bandello. It is named after the Twelfth Night holiday of the Christmas season. It was written around 1601 and first performed in front of an audience on 2 February 1602.[citation needed] The play was not published before the First Folio in 1623, seven What You Will ring the course of the writing. The title Twelfth Night, or What You Will, prepares us for the mind games being played in the script. Reading through the theatre piece, it is difficult to conjure up a clear message behind the mysterious heading. The title tells us that the time is night, which pertains to darkness and losing innocence. The heading also represents the Twelfth Night of Christmas, it suggests that the play has a more jovial feel, and leans towards the corrupt nightlife. The festivities consist of drink, dance, and giving in to general self-inlgence. The subtitle What You Will, implies that the audience is interested in being provoked by the sexuality and merry spirit found in the play. The subtitle also refers to the wealthier characters possessing the liberty to do as they please. For instance, almost everyone in Illyria is well off and does little work. The play focuses on the aristocrats of society who are entitled to their pleasures while the only hard work being done is by Malvolio and Feste. The title, as confusing to understand as the play, fits the character of the script and perfectly suggests what the play is about. [1]
The Merchant of Venice
The Merchant of Venice is a play by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1596 and 1598. Although classified as a comedy in the First Folio, and while it shares certain aspects with Shakespeare's other romantic comedies, the play is perhaps more remembered for its dramatic scenes, and is best known for the character of Shylock.
The title character is the merchant Antonio, not the Jewish moneylender Shylock, who is the play's most prominent and more famous character. Though Shylock is a tormented character, he is also a tormentor, so whether he is to be viewed with disdain or sympathy is up to the audience (as influenced by the interpretation of the play's director and lead actors).
As You Like It
As You Like It is a pastoral comedy by William Shakespeare believed to have been written in 1599 or early 1600 and first published in the folio of 1623. The work was based upon the novel Rosalynde by Thomas Lodge. The play's first performance is uncertain, though a performance at Wilton House in 1603 has been suggested as a possibility. As You Like It follows its heroine Rosalind as she flees persecution in her uncle's court to find safety and eventually love in the Forest of Arden with her cousin Celia and court jester, Touchstone. Historically, critical response has varied, with some critics finding the work of lesser quality than other Shakespearean works and some finding the play a work of great merit.
The play features one of Shakespeare's most famous and oft-quoted speeches, "All the world's a stage," and is the origin of the phrase "too much of a good thing." The play remains a favorite among audiences and has been adapted for radio, film, and musical theatre.
热心网友
时间：2023-10-09 16:38
