引导定语从句的关系词,关系代词,关系副词。英语是弱科,不好意思……
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发布时间：2023-11-11 15:17
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时间：2024-11-30 07:37
2.关系代词:who, whom, whose 或that
作主语的一般用who或that
作宾语的一般用whom, who或that,
作定语并具有物主性质的用whose。（在定语从句中作宾语的关系代词可省略）
如：
①I don’t like people who/that get angry easily.
我不喜欢容易发脾气的人。
（ 关系代词who/ that在定语从句中作主语，不可省略）
②Here is the man (whom/ who/ that) you want to see.
这就是你想见的人。
（ 关系代词whom/ who/ that在定语从句中作宾语，可以省略）
③Is there anyone in your class whose home is in the northeast?
你班上有谁家在东北的？
（ 关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语，不能省略）
注意：用who 还是whom ，完全根据它们本身在定语从句中的地位和作用而定，与先行词在主句中的作用无关。尤其要注意在带有插入语的定语从句中who和whom的选用。
如：
①The person who sent the letter had to pay the postage.
寄信人要付邮资。
（ who sent the letter是定语从句，修饰person， who在定语从句中作主语，因此用主格）
②He is a man who I believe is honest.
他是一个我认为诚实的人。
（ I believe是插入语，去掉该插入语剩下的便是He is a man who is honest,在语法及句意上都能成立，who是定语从句中动词is的主语，故用主格，不用宾格whom.）
⒉ 如果修饰事物，用关系代词which 和that，作宾语时可省略。作介词宾语时，如果介词位于关系代词之前，则用which (不能省) ，而不用that（关系代词that既能代人，又能代物）。whose也可用来指物（此时可用of which来代替），在定语从句中作定语。
如：
①Don’t buy tomatoes that/ which are green.
不要买颜色还是青的西红柿。
( that/ which 在定语从句中作主语，不能省)
②The fish (that/ which) they sell are not fresh.
他们卖的鱼不新鲜。
（ that/ which 在定语从句中作宾语，可以省）
③The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
= The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
门坏了的那个教室将很快修理。
④The tool with which he is working is called a saw.
=The tool (that/ which) he is working is called a saw.
他干活用的那个工具叫叫锯。
（介词with位于关系代词之前，须用which，不能省，也不能用that）
二 定语从句中关系副词的选用
⒈ when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，有时也可用介词+which来代替。
如：
I still remember the day when / on which I first came to Beijing.
我还记得我第一次来到北京那天的情景。
She came at a time when we needed her most.
她是在我们需要她的时候来的。
⒉ where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，有时也可用介词+which来代替。
如：
That is the housewhere/ in which he lived ten years ago.
那是他十年前住过的房子。
I have found a peaceful place where/ in which we can study.
我找到了一个能学习的安静的地方。
⒊ why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，常可用for+ which来代替。
如：
I know the reason why/ for which she was so angry.
我知道她为什么那么生气。
Do you know the reason why/for which he came so late?
你知道他来得这么晚的原因吗？
◆应注意关系副词和关系代词在定语从句中的不同使用。
如：
* I’ll never forget the day when I went abroad myself.
我永远忘不了我独自出国的那一天。
( when在从句中代替时间状语on the day,我们可以把这个句子分解为I’ll never forget the day. I went abroad myselfon the day.)
* We’ll never forget the days that we spent together.
我们永远也不会忘记我们在一起度过的那些日子。
(that 代替the day，在句中作spent的宾语，that可以省略。该句可分解为We’ll never forget the days. We spent the days together.)
三 way 作先行词之后的定语从句
当“way”表示“方式、方法”在句中作先行词，后被一个定语从句修饰时，引导定语从句可用that ，也可用in which，或什么都不用。
如：
I don’t like the way that he laughed at me.
=I don’t like the way in which he laughed at me.
=I don’t like the way he laughed at me.
我不喜欢他用那种方式来嘲笑我。
四 time 之后的定语从句
time作先行词，前面如有序数词和last修饰时，引导定语从句不能用when,只能用that 或两者都不用。但前面如无序数词或last，常用when(有时也用that)引导定语从句。
如：
This is the last time that I shall give you a lesson.
这是我最后一次给你们上课。
The first time I saw Premier Zhou was in 1958.
我第一次见周总理是在1958年。
I don’t know the exacttime when the track and field meet will take place.
我不知道田径运动会举行的确切时间。
3.关系副词=介词+关系代词
why=for which where=in which when=ring which whose=of which
1. where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句
2. when引导定语从句表示时间
3. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格。它引导的从句可以修饰人和物，当它引导的从句修饰物体时，可以与 of which 调换，表达的意思一样。
关系副词引导的定语从句：
1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语
eg. I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语
eg. Shanghai is the city where I was born.
3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语
eg. Please tell me the reason why you are late.
注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,
(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.
(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.
判断关系代词与关系副词：
方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。不及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词；而及物动词后接宾语，则要求用关系代词。例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
（错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
（对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
（对） I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days ago?
A. where B. that C. on which
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held?
A. where B. that C. on which
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，○1先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)；○2 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。
