整理高中高二非谓语动词语法,并用例句说明。

发布网友发布时间：2022-04-30 02:32

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热心网友时间：2023-10-06 05:56

英语非谓语动词讲解及练习非谓语动词是指分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）、不定式、动名词等三种形式，即： doing , done , to do , doing 。当然它们有各自不同的变化形式，如：现在分词 doing : 有being done（被动式） ; having done （完成式）; having been done （完成被动式）不定式 to do : 有to be done （被动式）; to have done （完成式）; to be doing（进行式）动名词 doing : 有having done（完成式）; being done（被动式） ; 非谓语动词的特点：三种非谓语动词都具有动词的特征，虽然它们没有人称和数的变化，但是它们都能带自己的状语或有时跟宾语。它们都有各自的特征：分词具有形容词和副词的特征；动名词具有名词的特征；不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。具体来讲：分词在句子中可以做定语、表语、状语或补足语等；动名词在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语等；不定式在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、补足语或状语。下面分别对三种非谓语动词进行讲解：一．动词不定式先看几个例句，判断不定式在句中的成分。1．To learn a foreign language is difficult .2． His wish is to be a driver . 3．Tom wanted to have a cup of beer . 4．The teacher told us to do morning exercises . 5．I have nothing to say . 6．They went to see their aunt . 7．It’s easy to see their aunt.8．I don’t know what to do next .9．I heard them make a noise .说明：1．动词不定式作主语, 2.动词不定式作表语,3.动词不定式作宾语,4．动词不定式作宾语补足语，5．动词不定式作定语,6．动词不定式作目的状语,7．动词不定式作真正主语，it 代替动词不定式，作形式主语。8．带有连接代词的动词不定式作宾语,9．不带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。掌握动词不定式应注意的几个问题：1． “to” 是不定式符号还是介词，下列短语中的to 都是介词。 agree to object to close to , come to , lead to , refer to , equal to , familiar to , point to , thank to , devote to , next to , belong to , be used to , look forward to 2．带to 还是不带to I have no choice but to give in I cannot do anything but give in I saw him enter the classroom . （但是： He was seen to enter the classroom .） 3．动词不定式逻辑主语是由for 作为标记的。但是有时用of . It’s necessary for you to study hard . It’s foolish of him to do it . 与of 连用的形容词有： good, kind , nice , wise ,clever , foolish , right , wrong , careful , careless , polite , possible 4．后接不定式作宾语的动词有： want , hope , wish , like , begin , try , need , forget , agree , know , promise , teach , refuse , help , arrange , dare , decide , determine , fail , manage , offer , prepare , continue , ask , mean , choose , expect etc.需要宾语补足语的动词不能用动词不定式直接做介词的宾语，而要用it做形式宾语。例如：通常不说We think to obey the laws is important . 而说We think it important to obey the laws . 5．不定式的省略。下列短语中，如果意义明确，常常省略到to 。want to , wish to ,hope to , like to , hate to , plan to , try to , love to , have to , ought to , need to , used to , be able to 6．不定式作定语，应注意两种关系：1）动宾关系： He has a lot of meeting to attend . Please lend me something to write with . He is looking for a room to live He is looking for a room to live in . He has no money and no place to live ( in ) . I think the best way to travel ( by ) is on foot . There is no time to think ( about ) . 2）主谓关系： She is always the last ( person) to speak at the meeting . ----I’m going to the post office , for I have a letter to post . ( 逻辑主语是I )-------Thank you. But I have no letters to be posted now ( 逻辑主语不是I ) 7．不定式作状语，可以有以下几种意义： 1）原因 He is lucky to get here on time . 这种结构中常用的形容词有： happy , glad , delighted , pleased , sorry , eager , anxious . lucky , fortunate , proud , angry surprised , frightened , disappointed , ready , clever , foolish , worthy 2) 目的 He came to help me with my maths . 3) 结果 I hurried to get there only to find him out . The book is too hard for the boy to read . He is old enough to go to school . 8 . 不定式作补足语 I saw him play in the street just now . 能跟不带to 的不定式作补足语的动词有： see , feel , hear , listen to , look at , watch , let , have make, observe, notice 注: 当这些词为被动式时，不定式要带to , 如： He was seen to play in the street just now.二．动名词Learning English is very difficult .学英语非常困难。His job is driving a bus . 他的工作是开车。I enjoy dancing .我喜欢跳舞。I have got used to living in the country . 我已经习惯了住农村。Take some sleeping tablets , and you will soon fall asleep . 吃点安眠药，你很快就会入睡。注意以下几种结构：1．There’s no telling what will happen .=It’s impossible to tell what will happen . = No one can tell what will happen . 2．It’s no use talking with him . It’s no good speaking to them like that . 3．There’s some difficulty ( in ) doing …在此句型中,difficulty 可以由以下单词替换: trouble , problem , fun , pleasure , a good time , a hard time 注意以下几个问题： 1．下列动词后跟不定式与跟动名词作宾语意义有区别， forget to do … 忘记要做某事 forget doing… 忘记做了某事 remember to do…记住要做某事 remember doing …记着做了某事 mean to do … 有意要做某事mean doing … 意味着做了某事 regret to do … 对要做的事表示后悔regret doing … 对做过去的事后悔can’t help to do…不能帮助做某事can’t help doing … 情不自禁做某事try to do … 尽力去做某事try doing 试着做某事learn to do … 学着去做某事learn doing … 学会做某事stop to do … 停下来去做（另一件事）stop doing … 停止做某事go on to do … 接着做（另外一件事）go on doing … 继续做某事used to do … 过去做某事be used to doing … 习惯做某事2．动名词作定语与现在分词作定语意义有区别动名词作定语表达 n+ for doing 的含义现在分词作定语表达 n+which(who) be doing的含义如：a sleeping car = a car for sleeping a running horse = a horse which is running 前者是动名词，后者是现在分词又如： drinking water , walking stick running water , sleeping boy 3．动名词的逻辑主语：动名词的逻辑主语为代词或名词的所有格形式。例如：His coming made us very happy . 4．动名词的语态和时态 5．动名词主动形式表被动的情况： need doing , want doing , require doing 例如： This room needs painting . 这个房间需要粉刷。 6．只能跟动名词作宾语的动词： admit , avoid , advise , consider , delay , deny , enjoy , escape , excuse , fancy , finish , complete , forbid , imagine , mind , miss , permit . practise , require , suggest , risk , keep, take to , look forward to , get down to , feel like , can’t help , can’t stand , be used to ,insist on , succeed in , set about, give up , include , 三．分词 1 The story is interesting . I’m interested in it . 这个故事有兴趣，我对这个故事感兴趣。 2 . This is a moving film . 这是一部动人的电影。 3. The secretary worked late into the night , preparing a long speech for the president . 秘书工作到深夜，为*准备一篇长篇演讲稿。 4. Given more time , I’ll do it well . 如果给我多一点时间，我会做的更好。When he passed the back of the street , he saw the thief stealing some money from the bank . 当他后街时，看到小偷正从银行偷钱。应注意的几个问题： 1．现在分词与过去分词的区别 Do you know the woman talking to Tom ? = Do you know the woman who is talking to Tom ? The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.= The soldier who was wounded in the war has become a doctor.China is a developing country and America is a developed country. 2．分词作表语 The news sounds encouraging . They got very excited . 1）现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别： The news is interesting . doing 作表语，主语与表语是主谓关系；done 作表语，主语与表语是动宾关系。 2）表语与被动式的区别：The blackboard was broken by Xiao Ming .（强调动作） The blackboard is broken . You’d better have it repaired.（强调状态） 3）常作表语的过去分词： amused , injured , covered , known , dressed , lost , broken , gone , delighted, excited , pleased , satisfied , married , worried , surprised , interested , burnt , shut , crowded , wounded , drank , done 3．现在分词、动名词现在进行时的区别The situation in our country is encouraging . (表语)The situation in our country is encouraging the people . ( 现在进行时)My job is looking after the little baby . (动名词)能回答how-question 的是现在分词，能回答what-question 的动名词，即不能回答how-question 也不能回答what-question 的是现在进行时。例如： How is the situation in our country ? It is encouraging . What is your job ? My job is looking after the little baby . 4．注意的四种结构： have something to do 有某事要做 have something done 使某事被做 have somebody do something 使某人做某事 have something doing 让某事一直做着5．需要跟反身代词作宾语的动词：seat , prepare , hide , dress 如：I seated myself on the chair .I was seated on the chair . 6．分词做状语与不定式的区别：分词做状语表示时间、原因、让步、条件、方式、伴随等；而不定式表示目的和结果。 Having finished the homework , I went home . （时间） Being a Party member , I should work hard . （原因） Given more time ,I can do my work better . （条件） He ran out of the classroom ,shouting at the boy. （伴随） To get more knowledge , we must work harder and harder . ( 目的 ) He is old enough to join the army . （结果） 7．分词、动名词和不定式作定语的区别 a running horse 现在分词 = a horse that is running a fallen leaf 过去分词 = a leaf that has already fallen a walking stick 动名词 = a stick for walking something to do 不定式 = something that I should do 8．不定式被动式、分词的被动式和过去分词的区别：I have a problem to be discussed at the meeting . ( 将来)The building being built on the river is the Science Museum . （正在进行） The building completed three years ago is now in bad conditions . （过去） 9．分词做状语需要注意的一个问题：分词与句子主语的逻辑关系 Seeing from the hill , the city looks beautiful .( 错误 ) Seen from the hill , the city looks beautiful . （正确） Seeing 与the city 不是主谓关系；seen 与city 是动宾关系

热心网友时间：2023-10-06 05:56

这里共有137篇非谓语动词的好文章： http://www.yygrammar.com/Article/non/