虚拟语气——英语语法学习笔记十二

当谈论现实情况的假设，我们遵循这样的结构：如果条件（if从句用did/were），主句则展示虚拟的可能（would/could/might/should + do）。例如：

虚拟现实：</"If apologies worked wonders, we wouldn't need police for mediation."

2. 时间的穿越

虚拟语气在描绘过去、现在和未来的假设时，各具特色。过去的虚拟：had + done, 主句用would/could/might/should + have done；而将来则使用were/to do/should do:

过去遗憾：</"If I had studied English sooner, I could speak fluently now."

3. 倒置的想象

在倒装虚拟中，时态的使用遵循特定规则：对现在虚拟用were, 过去had, 将来should提前，省略if时需倒装，如：“If remembered, you wouldn't forget your vows.”

4. 错综复杂的时间结构

错综虚拟语气处理不同时间的对比，如had done for past, would for present:

错综时态：</"But for孙悟空的保护，师傅早已落入妖怪之口."

5. 含蓄的表达

含蓄虚拟语气借助without/but for引导，揭示未实现的假设：“But for your invaluable advice, this report would not shine so brightly.”

6. 想象与愿望的交织

通过wish/wish if only表达虚拟愿望，如：“I wish I had wings to soar.”而would rather则与现实或过去形成对比:

愿望呈现：</"If only he were here to share our joy."

7. 如此真实的虚构

as if/as though引导的虚拟语气，通过调整be动词来体现虚拟现实：“He acts as if he were a superhero.”

8. 指导时间的钟表

It is (high) time (that)引导的结构，暗示着一种期待或敦促，如：“It's high time you considered quitting smoking.”

9. 建议与虚拟的交融

在建议和虚拟语气中，"should"起着关键作用，如Jane's pale face suggested she should</see a doctor, while the doctor recommended shouldn't</swim immediately after a meal.

10. 同位语从句中的虚拟智慧

同位语从句中的虚拟建议常用"should"来表达，如"The proposal that the mayor should</award the prize was accepted without hesitation."