死海文书
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发布时间：2022-05-05 15:55
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热心网友
时间：2022-06-27 17:37
1947年一个牧羊童在死海西北端的昆兰地区洞窟的大瓮中发现的大批羊皮纸卷，后来引发一些调查队去调查寻找，找到了更多的资料。考古学家进行大规模的挖掘和搜索，一共获得古卷六百余卷及成千上万的文物残片，以放射性同位素测得确认其年代于公元前167至233年之间，是世界现存的最古老的《圣经》抄本。现今大部分是由以色列博物馆当"国宝"收藏。之所以称为卷，是因大多是书写在兽皮上， 而且因年代的关系，大多已成碎片，而且大多和邮票差不多大。《死海文书》全古卷卷帙浩繁，共用希伯来文、亚兰文、希腊文、拉丁文四种文字写成，内容可分为两大部分。第一部份是希伯来的《圣经》、《次经》、《伪经》的抄本，第二部份是昆兰社团成员遗留下来的各种文献，可分为《训导手册》、《圣经注释卷》、《战争卷》、《感恩卷》、《圣殿卷》五部份。它的内容与圣经有部分相异，还有有很后来才放入的文献和一些像是"理论"的文献。除了现今可以对照确定的部份外，到底是当时的恶作剧或是某教派教徒的著作， 难以确定。在《新世纪福音战士》中描述的《死海文书》主要涉及使徒的出现与人类，在最终章节记载了"约束之日"时第三次浩劫会降临，所有的人类完全灭亡。
里死海文书介绍（INSIDE DEAD SEA SCROLL）：
《里死海文书》是Seele 执行"人类补完计划"的具体规程，里面详细记录了计划的全部过程。Seele 为了阻止神毁灭他们所建造的千年王国，决定要背叛神，消灭使徒。他们是想将EVA与亚当置于自己的支配之下， 利用其为兵器，在地上建立神国。碇源堂、冬月幸增、碇唯看穿了 Seele 的目的，不断破坏计划。Seele的再生计划虽然持续的进行着，但钉在十字架上的莉莉斯已不再有灵魂，不但欺瞒了 Seele，也骗过了使徒。但执行仪式用的御制亚当的隆基亚斯之*被意见分歧的碇源堂以与使徒作战不得已的借口，由零号机抛到了月球轨道，处于不可回收的状态。Seele也已无法对亚当作任何的控制了。 所以到最后Seele索性将使徒直接送来， 想令莉莉斯以自爆来消灭NERV。
死海文书中英文对译：
=======================================
英文译本：
And according to his insight he shall admit him. In this way both his love and his hatred. No man shall argue or quarrel with the men of perdition. He shall keep his council in secrecy in the midst of the men of deceit and admonish with knowledge, truth and righteous commandment those of chosen conct, each according to his spiritual quality and according to the norm of time. He shall guide them with knowledge and instruct them in the mysteries of wonder and truth in the midst of the members of the community, so that they shall behave decently with one another in all that has been revealed to them. That is the time for studying the Torah (lit. clearing the way) in the wilderness. He shall instruct them to do all that is required at that time, and to separate from all those who have not turned aside from all deceit.
These are the norms of conct for the Master in those times with respect to his loving and to his everlasting hating of the men of perdition in a spirit of secrecy. He shall leave to them property and wealth and earnings like a slave to his lord, (showing) humility before the one who rules over him. He shall be zealous concerning the Law and be prepared for the Day of Revenge.
He shall perform the will [of God] in all his deeds and in all strength as He has commanded. He shall freely delight in all that befalls him, and shall desire nothing except God's will...
中文译本：
按照他将要包容自己的洞察力这样包容他所有的爱和恨，每人会去与地狱的人争论或争吵。他将把他的政厅秘密地设在诈骗犯中间并用知识去劝诱他们，让他们去选择真理与正义戒律的行为。他们会追随他神圣的地位并都将遵守时间的法则。他将用知识去引导他们，在行业中教育他们求知，在社团成员中让他们明白真理。这样他们会对每一个曾经抢掠过他们的人举止宽容。那是学习torah（犹太教的全部*--译者注）所需要的时间--为荒野扫清道路。他将教育他们去做那时需要的全部，并且与那些还没转变过来的诈骗流氓绝交。这是品行的法则，是主人那时尊敬地对他所爱的与永远憎恨的人的守则，是对地狱的人们的守则，是秘密的灵魂。他将像上帝的奴仆一样离开财富与利润，在有人为他制订法则前表现得谦卑，他将对法律变得热情并准备着复仇的那一天
当他成为主宰时，他会不择手段地用全部力量去履行上帝的旨意，他将使一切降临在自己身上的事变得愉快，并且他会毫无所求除非上帝需要......
英文译本：
*卷轴
Courtesy of the Israel Antiquities Authority (8)
1.until sunset on the eighth day. And concerning [the impurity] of
2.the [dead] person we are of the opinion that every bone, whether it
3.has its flesh on it or not--should be (treated) according to the law of the dead or the slain.
4.And concerning the mixed marriages that are being performed among the people, and they are sons of holy [seed],
5.as is written, Israel is holy. And concerning his (Israel's) [clean] animal
6.it is written that one must not let it mate with another species, and concerning his clothes [it is written that they should not]
7.be of mixed stuff; and one must not sow his field and vineyard with mixed species.
8.Because they (Israel) are holy, and the sons of Aaron are [most holy.]
9.But you know that some of the priests and [the laity intermingle]
10.[And they] adhere to each other and pollute the holy seed
11.as well as their (i.e. the priests') own [seed] with corrupt women. Since [the sons of Aaron should...]
中文译本：
权威的古犹太礼法：
直到第8日的日落时分，我们认为每个人的尸体都是不洁的。
不管尸体还有没有肉，它都必须被认作已经追随了死亡或凶手的法律。
已构成婚姻的人们，他们都是圣种之子，这样，上帝的选民（译者注：即犹太人）是神圣的。
上帝选民的圣洁的动物，不能让它们与其他种类交配。上帝选民的衣物，不能让它与其他材料交织。上帝选民的土地和葡萄园，不能播种其他的东西。
因为上帝选民是神圣的，他是最神圣的亚伦之子（译者注：亚伦，摩西之兄，犹太教第一祭*）。
但你知道一些僧侣与俗人结合，他们互相附着，僧侣和腐坏的女人在一起，亵渎了僧侣神圣的种子。直到亚伦的儿子门必须（译者注：*卷轴至此破残）
历法卷轴
英文译本：
1.[on the first {day} in {the week of} Jedaiah {which falls} on the tw]elfth in it {the seventh month}. On the second {day} in {the week of} Abiah {which falls} on the twenty- f[ifth in the eighth {month}; and qah {is} on the third] {day}
2.[in {the week of} Miyamin {which falls} on the twelfth] in it {the eighth month}. On the third {day} in {the week of} Jaqim {which falls} on the twen[ty-fourth in the ninth {month}; and qah {is} on the fourth] {day}
3.[in {the week of} Shekania {which falls} on the eleven]th in it {the ninth month}. On the fifth {day} in {the week of} Immer {which falls} on the twe[n]ty-third in the te[nth {month}; and qah {is} on the sixth {day} in {the week of} Je]shbeab {which falls}
4.[on the tenth in] it {the tenth month}. On the [si]xth {day} in {the week of} Jehezkel {which falls} on the twenty-second in the eleventh month [and qah {is on the} Sabbath in] {the week of} Petahah {which falls}
5.[on the ninth in it {the eleventh month}]. On the first {day} in {the week of} Joiarib {which falls} on the t[w]enty-second in the twelfth month; and [qah {is} on the seco]nd {day} in {the week of} Delaiah {which falls}
6.[on the ninth in it {the twelfth month}. vacat The] se[cond] {year}: The first {month}. On the sec[on]d {day} in {the week of} Malakiah {which falls} on the tw[entieth in it {the first month}; and] qah {is}
7.[on the third {day} in {the week of} Harim {which falls} on the seventh] in it {the first month}. On the fou[r]th {day} in {the week of} Jeshua {which falls} [on] the twentieth in the second {month}; and [qah {is} on the fifth {day} in {the week of]} Haqqos {which falls} on the seventh
8.[in it {the second month}. On the fifth {day} in {the week of} Huppah {which falls} on the nine]teenth in the third {month}; and qa[h] {is} on the six[th {day} in {the week of} Happisses {which falls}
中文译本：
在7月12日Jedaiah降临的第一日
在8月25日Abiah降临的第二日
Duqah是8月12日Miyamin降临之周的第三日
在9月24诶Jaqim降临之周的第三日
Duquh是9月11日Shekania降临之周的第四日
在10月23日Immer降临之周的第五日
Duqah是11月9日Shbeab降临之周的第六日
在11月22日Hehezkel降临的第六日
Duqah是11月9日Peahah降临之周的安息日
在12月22日Joiarib降临之周的第一日
Duqah是12月9日Delaiah降临之周的第二日
转出第二年：第一个月，在1月20日Malakiah降临之周的第二日
Duqah是1月7日Harim降临之周的第三日
在2月20日Jeshua降临之周的第四日
Duqah是2月7日Haqqos降临之周的第五日
在3月19日Huppah降临之周的第五日
Duqah是（译者注：卷轴破残）Happisses降临之周的第六日
（译者注：历法卷轴至此破残）
圣歌卷轴
英文译本：
1.Column 19: Plea for Deliverance (A Noncanonical Psalm)
2.Surely a maggot cannot praise thee nor a grave worm recount thy loving-kindness.
3.But the living can praise thee, even those who stumble can laud thee. In revealing
4.thy kindness to them and by thy righteousness thou dost enlighten them. For in thy hand is the soul of every
5.living thing; the breath of all flesh hast thou given. Deal with us, O LORD,
6.according to thy goodness, according to thy great mercy, and according to thy many righteous deeds. The LORD
7.has heeded the voice of those who love his name and has not deprived them of his loving-kindness.
8.Blessed be the LORD, who executes righteous deeds, crowning his saints
9.with loving-kindness and mercy. My soul cries out to praise thy name, to sing high praises
10.for thy loving deeds, to proclaim thy faithfulness--of praise of thee there is no end. Near death
11.was I for my sins, and my iniquities have sold me to the grave; but thou didst save me,
12.O LORD, according to thy great mercy, and according to thy many righteous deeds. Indeed have I
13.loved thy name, and in thy protection have I found refuge. When I remember thy might my heart
14.is brave, and upon thy mercies do I lean. Forgive my sin, O LORD,
15.and purify me from my iniquity. Vouchsafe me a spirit of faith and knowledge, and let me not be dishonored
16.in ruin. Let not Satan rule over me, nor an unclean spirit; neither let pain nor the evil
17.inclination take possession of my bones. For thou, O LORD, art my praise, and in thee do I hope
18.all the day. Let my brothers rejoice with me and the house of my father, who are astonished by the graciousness...
19.[ ] For e[ver] I will rejoice in thee.
中文译本：
为了解救的诉讼（一首Nocanonical圣歌）
一只蛆虫当然不能赞美你，一只尸虫也不能例举你的慈爱
但活着的人们能赞美你，甚至是陷入迷途的人们也能赞美你！
在启示中，你用你的正直和对他们的仁慈启蒙了他们，因为在你手心里的是
每个生灵的灵魂！
所有你给予呼吸的肉体，安排我们，噢，上帝！
按照你的仁慈，按照你的宽恕，按照你正义的行为
上帝已经注意到了珍爱名声与良知未泯的人们的声音
神圣的上帝履行正义的行为，用仁慈和宽恕为他的圣徒冠礼
我的灵魂脱离了出来赞颂你的名字
为你争议的行为而高唱颂歌，来宣布对你虔诚永不会停止
我的罪孽曾经使我接近死亡，我的*把我出卖给了尸虫，但你拯救了我！
噢，上帝。按照你伟大的宽恕，按照你正义的行为
我真正地爱着你的名字，在你的保护下我得到了庇护。当我想到你的力量，我的心就会变得勇敢，并且依靠于你的宽恕。原谅我的罪孽，噢，上帝。
并且洗清我的罪恶，赐予我信念和学识的灵魂，请别让我在堕落正感到耻辱，别让撒旦和不圣洁的信念控制我，别让痛苦和*占据了我的骨头。
噢，上帝，这是我的赞美，日日夜夜对你的赞美！
让我的兄弟为我而欣喜，让父亲一家为我的礼貌而惊讶......
[]我将永远为你感到高兴
死海文书 英文版
Dead Sea Scrolls Exhibit
Scrolls from the Dead Sea Exhibition
From the discovery of the earliest known recorded biblical scrolls and related artifacts in the caves above the Dead Sea, the Dead Sea Scrolls have held an aura of mystery and swirled with controversies. Project Judaica Foun dation, in partnership with the Israel Antiquities Authority (IAA), the Isra el government agency in charge of all the archeological digs and artifacts t hroughout Israel, brought the Dead Sea Scrolls to the public's view with fiv e world-class exhibitions held around the globe including the Vatican.
The Director of the IAA, the indefatigable General Amir Drori (Ret.) and the Assistant Director, Jacob Fisch, approached this Foundation to determine whether it would be possible to create and display an exhibition of selected fragments of the Dead Sea Scrolls at the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C. Having just completed another amazing exhibition at the Library, "From the Ends of the Earth," the stage was set for this astounding show.
The Librarian of Congress, Dr. James Billington, was immediately interes ted in the exhibition of this scope and agreed to exhibit the Dead Sea Scrol l fragments. Twelve of the most interesting scroll fragments became the core of the exhibition and were surrounded with related artifacts including jars in which the scrolls were found after being preserved by the low humidity of the region. Tefillim boxes and straps, sandals believed to belong to the scr ibes, coins from the period, various pottery of the period from the area Wri tten on leather over 2,000 years ago in Hebrew, Greek and Aramaic, these scr olls are the earliest known biblical manuscripts. They include portions of a ll of the five Books of Moses as well as the writings by the Essenes sect.
The IAA's rich materials were complimented by special pieces from the Li brary of Congress' vast holding from the Hebraic, Map, and other collection s. The Library's world-class in-house staff of conservators, curators and sc holars became deeply engaged in applying their skills to choose the items fr om their divisions. The Library's additions included one of the few extant G utenberg bibles and some of the earliest known maps which oriented the publi c to the sites and the region. The maps also gave insight into the views of the early pioneering cartographers of the Fifteenth Century and how they per ceived the lands and events of the Biblical era.
Early incunabula (the earliest known printed books) and their later mech anically printed books along with the various commentaries through the centu ries all keyed to the passages from the scroll fragments on display. These i ncluded early writings of Pliny, Philo and Josephus among others allowing co mparisons of texts as well as historical contexts.
Each venue faced the very difficult issue of lighting the exhibit with o ut endangering the highly sensitive scroll fragments which could be damaged irrevocably by exposure to bright light. The skilled staff at the Library of Congress created a low intensity lighting system which was activated only wh en a visitor stood before the scroll fragment case automatically switching o ff as the visitor moved away.
The design staff, augmented by a talented consultant, recreated the feelings of the period with wall coverings emulating the stone of the caves above the Dead Sea and the pink stones of Jerusalem making the setting truly unforgettable. Visitors were dazzled by being able to actually see and read the 2,000 year old texts which so many knew from present-day study of their own bibles by all faiths. Large color photographs within the exhibition made visitors feel as if they were actually entering the very area of the caves at Qumran.
To help visitors who wanted to learn the complexities of the story of the scrolls meanings, an audio guide was presented for use thus making the entire exhibition totally visitor friendly regardless of level of knowledge.
This exhibition had the largest attendance of any exhibition in over the 215 year history of the Library of Congress. The crowds had to be controlled by time-stamped tickets which still resulted in long lines sometime two to three long blocks long.
This opening coincided with the opening of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in April, 1993. As a consequence, many heads of state including the President and Foreign Minister of Israel along with twenty other heads of state toured the exhibition along with the staffs and members of both the House of Representatives and Senate, Supreme Court and Executive Branch lead by the White House.
Since this exhibit elicited such support from donors and great public interest, arrangements were then made to travel the fragments to the New York Public Library where equal interest resulted. The San Francisco de Young Fine Arts Museum was the third venue where extensive collateral public programming was developed for school children, bible study groups and the general public. Time tickets were implemented as well to manage the huge response from the public.
In the meanwhile, Jacob Fisch, of the IAA, quietly began discussions with Father Leonard Boyle, the Director of the Vatican Library to determine interest in displaying the fragments at the Sistine Gallery (Salone Sistine) at the Vatican. On the June 30, 1994, with great and dignified ceremony, Secretary of State of the Vatican, Cardinal Sodano, presiding, the exhibition of Scrolls from the Dead Sea was opened for the public. There were 18 cardinals and 28 ranking archbishops present. Jacob Fisch, Mark Talisman, President of Project Judaica and Mrs. Barbro Osher of San Francisco, CA spoke after the Secretary of State and Father Boyle.
Mr. Talisman presented the highly regarded and valued facsimile of the Washington Haggadah to the Secretary of State of the Vatican and Father Leonard Boyle to be placed in the Vatican Library.
The timing of this exhibition of the Dead Sea Scrolls was carefully planned to coincide with the arrival of the very first Ambassador from Israel to the Vatican which happily allowed both sides to celebrate through this ground-breaking exhibition. Displayed adjacent to the Sistine Chapel, eighteen thousand visitors a day saw the Vatican exhibition of the Dead Sea Scrolls!
Finally, upon leaving the Vatican, the Scroll fragments returned to the Israel Museum along with the various objects added to the exhibit by the Vatican Museum including early Torah scrolls over a thousand years old, and many other texts and illustrations and maps. This special exhibit augmented the Shrine of the Book Isaiah exhibit for several months at the Israel Museum for the large and enthusiastic public in Israel.
This exhibition would have not been possible without the generosity and abiding moral support of Bernard and Barbro Osher and the Osher Foundation of San Francisco. Phyllis Cook, Director of the San Francisco Jewish Federation Endowment was the person most responsible to provide encouragement when no other options appeared to be available. A special thank you for Jacob Fisch unquenchable thirst for creative and exciting opportunities to bring Israel rich archaeological collections to the public's view.
参考资料：http://www.chinadeadsea.com/
热心网友
时间：2022-06-27 17:38
来引发一些调查队去调查寻找，找到了更多的资料。考古学家进行大规模的挖掘和搜索
，一共获得古卷六百余卷及成千上万的文物残片，以放射性同位素测得确认其年代于公
元前167至233年之间，是世界现存的最古老的《圣经》抄本。现今大部分是由以色列博
物馆当“国宝”收藏。之所以称为卷，是因大多是书写在兽皮上， 而且因年代的关系，
大多已成碎片，而且大多和邮票差不多大。《死海文书》全古卷卷帙浩繁，共享希伯来
文、亚兰文、希腊文、拉丁文四种文字写成，内容可分为两大部分。第一部份是希伯来
的《圣经》、《次经》、《伪经》的抄本，第二部份是昆兰社团成员遗留下来的各种文
献，可分为《训导手册》、《圣经注释卷》、《战争卷》、《感恩卷》、《圣殿卷》五
部份。它的内容与圣经有部分相异，还有有很后来才放入的文献和一些像是“理论”的
文献。除了现今可以对照确定的部份外，到底是当时的恶作剧或是某教派教徒的著作，
难以确定。在《新世纪福音战士》中描述的《死海文书》主要涉及使徒的出现与人类，
在最终章节记载了“约束之日”时第三次浩劫会降临，所有的人类完全灭亡。
热心网友
时间：2022-06-27 17:39
