复合句的名词性从句

发布网友发布时间：2024-03-08 20:11

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热心网友时间：2024-04-02 12:52

在复合句中充当主语成分的句子叫做主语从句。常规主语从句，即句子在复合句中充当一个主语。主语从句的时态：不受主句的时态影响和限制。（1）That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.（2）Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.（3）Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.（4）Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.（5）What caused the accident remains unknown.（6）Whatever you did is right.（7）Who the watch belongs to is unknown.（8）What we need is time.（9）What we need are good doctors.小结:（1）引导主语从句连词有that,whether,who,what,whatever等（2）连词位于句首不能省略（3）主语从句大多数情况下视为第三人称单数，但也有例外，如例（9）
注意：当what引导的名词性分句作主语时，主谓一致问题极为复杂。著名学者周海中教授在论文《关于what-分句作主语的主谓一致问题》中就这一问题做了深入研究，并给出了10种的主谓一致关系。这些一致关系值得英语学习者和使用者特别注意。在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句的引导词和主语从句的引导词相同。宾语从句可以作及物动词的宾语，作短语动词的宾语，介词的宾语。
宾语从句的引导词有三种情况:
1)引导陈述意义的句子用that，无实际意义，口语中可以省略。
2）表示“是否”的意义时用whether或if （当句中有or是只能用whether而不用if）
3）引导特殊疑问句意义的句子时用特殊疑问词who, whose, whom, which, what, when, where, 或how.
宾语从句的语序:无论什么引导词，表达陈述还是疑问，宾语从句都必须用陈述语序。
宾语从句的时态:
主句是一般现在时，从句根据需要选用相应的时态，主句的谓语是一般过去时，从句的谓语动词在时态上要用相应的过去时态，（若从句表示的是客观真理或自然现象，不论主句时态，从句都用一般现在时态）。
·宾语从句：及物动词的宾语
Everybody knows that money doesn't grow on trees.
·宾语从句：短语动词的宾语
Please go and find out when the train will arrive.
·宾语从句：介词的宾语
I am interested in what she is doing.
·宾语从句：否定的转移
I don't suppose you're used to this diet.
我想你不习惯这种饮食。 ·表语从句
在句子中起表语作用的从句叫做表语从句。表语从句的引导词和主语从句的引导词相同。
What the police want to know is when you entered the room.
This is what we should do.
That's why I want you to work there.
as if, as though, because也可用来引导表语从句。
She seems as if she had done a great thing.
It is because you eat too much.
·虚拟语气：表语从句
主语是idea, notion, proposal, suggestion, request等名词时,作表语从句的动词为原形动词或should+原形动词。
My suggestion is that we (should) go and help him.
Our only request is that this should be settled as soon as possible. · 同位从句一般跟在某些名词如answer(答案)，hope(希望)，fact(事实)，belief (信仰)，news(消息)，idea(主意；观念)，promise(承诺)，information(信息)，conclusion(结论)，order(命令)， suggestion(建议)，problem(问题)，thought (想法)等后面。例如：
I had no idea that you were here.
She told us her hope that she would become a pianist.
He made a promise that he would never come late.
·同位语从句：whether
whether可以引导同位语从句，而定语从句不能用whether作为引导词。
He hasn’t made the decision whether he will go there.
I have small doubt whether he is suitable for the job.
·同位语从句：what
what可以引导同位语从句，而定语从句不能用what作为引导词
I have no idea what he is doing now.
·同位语从句：how
how可以引导同位语从句，而定语从句不能用how作为引导词
It’s a question how he did it