挑战着你的外语水平,翻译一位伟大诗人的背景。
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发布时间：2022-05-05 02:41
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热心网友
时间：2022-06-28 17:03
裴多菲·山陀尔(1823—1849)是匈牙利伟大的*
诗人，也是匈牙利民族文学的奠基人。他出身于一个贫
困的屠户家庭，从小过着困苦的生活。他做过演员，当
过兵，是1848年匈牙利资产阶级*的领导者和歌手。
他的一生是与匈牙利人民反抗外国侵略和争取*自由
的斗争联系在一起的。最后在与沙俄哥萨克兵的搏斗中
为国牺牲，年仅二十六岁。他十五岁开始写诗，在短暂
而光辉的一生中，共写了八百多首抒情诗和九首长篇叙
事诗。最著名的抒情诗有《民族之歌》、《我的歌》、
《一个念头在烦恼着我》、《自由与爱情》、《我愿意
是急流》、《把国王吊上绞架》等等；最著名的叙事诗
有《农村的大锤》、《雅诺什勇士》（一译《勇敢的约
翰》）和《使徒》。此外他还写过小说，戏剧和政论。
裴多菲的诗用民歌的形式描写当代人民的斗争。他
曾说：“在匈牙利人民中间，我的歌是为了争取自由而
斗争的第一课”。
诗名：自由与爱情
1849年7月31日，匈牙利爱国诗人裴多菲在瑟克什堡大血战中同沙俄军队作战时牺牲，年仅26岁。
生命诚可贵
爱情价更高
若为自由故
两者皆可抛
“生命诚可贵，爱情价更高，若为自由故，两者皆可抛。”提起这首百多年来在全世界广为传诵的诗篇，人们便会想起它的作者——匈牙利诗人裴多菲。不过在20世纪60年代中国特殊的*气氛下，“裴多菲俱乐部”又一度成为带有不祥意味的名词。如果客观地回顾历史，人们便可以知道那位匈牙利伟大的诗人是深受马克思和恩格斯的关切与赞扬的1848年欧洲*中的英勇斗士，他的诗作也为全世界被压迫民族留下了极其宝贵的文学遗产。
■在争取民族自由的斗争 环境中成长并为爱情讴歌
1823年1月1日，裴多菲·山陀尔生于奥地利帝国统治下的多瑙河畔的阿伏德平原上的一个匈牙利小城，父亲是一名贫苦的斯拉夫族屠户，母亲是马扎尔族的一名农奴。按照当时的法律他的家庭处在社会最底层。
一部分祖先来自中国汉代匈奴西迁部落的匈牙利，带有东西两种文化的激烈碰撞的特点，在欧洲历史上居于特殊地位。由于长期受到周边民族的歧视压迫，匈牙利人近千年来一直擅长用诗歌作为鼓励本民族战斗的号角，近代更涌现出一大批杰出的爱国诗人。17世纪以后，匈牙利又一直受奥地利帝国的统治而丧失了独立地位，争取自由的起义斗争此起彼伏。
生活在这种环境下的裴多菲，少年时代就愿意听老年人讲述民族英雄胡斯领导起义的传说。在小酒店和同伴谈论着当年匈牙利民族争取独立而斗争的故事，在他幼小的心灵上深深打下烙印。这种“自由论坛”的氛围，也极大地促进了裴多菲语言的发展和进步，很小的时候他就能用匈牙利语和斯洛伐克语自由交谈，拉丁语也有了一定的基础。
1835年，12岁的穷孩子裴多菲有机会到奥赛德求学，三年时间里他尽显了聪明才智，完成校方规定的课业外又组织起进步的学生团体，阅读和研究法国大*的历史和匈牙利古典作家的作品。1838年，裴多菲写下了他的*作讽刺诗《告别》。该诗继承发扬了匈牙利古典诗歌的传统，初步体现了他毕生所一直遵循的诗歌语言大众化的特点。他又当过兵，做过流浪演员，任过《佩斯时装报》的助理编辑，丰富的社会经历更深化了他创作的源泉。
1846年9月，23岁的裴多菲在舞会上结识了伊尔诺茨伯爵的女儿森德莱·尤丽娅。这位身材修长、有浅蓝色眼睛的美丽姑娘的清纯和率真，使年轻诗人一见倾心，拥有大量土地庄园的伯爵却不肯把女儿嫁给裴多菲这样的穷诗人。面对阻力，裴多菲对尤丽娅的情感仍不可抑制，在半年时间里发出了一首首情诗，如《致尤丽娅》、《我是一个怀有爱情的人》、《你爱的是春天》、《凄凉的秋风在树林中低语》、《一下子给我二十个吻吧》等。这些抒情诗中的珍品，鼓动尤丽娅冲破父亲和家庭的桎梏，在一年后同裴多菲走进了婚礼的殿堂。
此刻，欧洲大地已涌起*洪流，匈牙利人民起义也如涌动的岩浆。蜜月中的裴多菲欢乐与忧郁交织。他不愿庸碌地沉溺于私家生活，写下了著名箴言诗《自由与爱情》：“生命诚可贵，爱情价更高……”这首名作，此后百年间一直是激励世界进步青年的动人诗句。
■以诗歌做号角 用满腔*争取民族独立
1848年春，奥地利统治下的匈牙利*与阶级矛盾已经达到白热化程度。裴多菲目睹人民遭受侵略和奴役，大声地疾呼：“难道我们要世代相传做奴隶吗？难道我们永远没有自由和平等吗？”诗人开始把理想同*紧紧地连在了一起，决心依靠贫苦人民来战斗，并写下一系列语言凝练的小诗，作为鼓舞人们走向民族民主*的号角。
3月14日，他与其他起义的领导者在佩斯的一家咖啡馆里议定起义事项，并通过了旨在实行资产阶级改革的*纲领《十二条》，当晚，裴多菲便写下起义檄文《民族之歌》：
起来，匈牙利人，祖国正在召唤！
是时候了，现在干，还不算太晚！
愿意做自由人呢，还是做奴隶？
你们自己选择吧，就是这个问题！
15日清晨，震惊世界的“佩斯三月起义”开始了，1万多名起义者集中在民族博物馆前，裴多菲当众朗诵了他的《民族之歌》。起义者呼声雷动，迅速占领了布达佩斯，并使之成为当时的欧洲*中心。翌年4月，匈牙利国会还通过独立宣言，建立共和国。恩格斯曾指出：“匈牙利是从三月*时起在法律上和实际上都完全废除了农民封建义务的唯一国家。”
面对布达佩斯起义，决心维护欧洲旧有秩序的奥地利皇帝斐迪南马上联合*沙皇尼古拉一世，34万俄奥联军向着人口仅有500万的匈牙利凶狠地压来。民族危难时刻，裴多菲给最善战的将军贝姆去了一封信：“请让我与您一起去战场，当然，我仍将竭力用我的笔为祖国服务……”在1848这一战火纷飞的年份里，裴多菲写下了多达106首抒情诗。翌年1月，裴多菲成为一名少校军官，他写诗同时又直接拿起武器参加反抗俄奥联军的战斗。
■牺牲于哥萨克骑兵矛下 短暂的一生留下800多首诗歌
1849年夏，匈牙利*军在强敌压迫下战至最后时刻。7月31日晨，贝姆将军将还能战斗的300人组成了一支骑兵队，在战斗打响前又特意叮嘱裴多菲留下。诗人却违背了将军的命令，跟在骑兵队后面出发。这些英勇的匈牙利战士与数倍的敌人胶着在一起时，很快便被淹没和融化了。身材削瘦的诗人也被两名*哥萨克骑兵前后围住，一柄弯刀凶狠地向他劈来，诗人闪身躲开，但同时另一把尖利的长矛已刺进了他的胸膛，诗人痛苦地倒下了……
此后的数十年里，匈牙利人民始终不愿相信他们的诗人已不在人世，传说不断出现。有人说曾在一个农民家里看见过他，有人称自己被俘后在*见过裴多菲。匈牙利议会还专门进行了调查，但令人失望的是，这个“目睹者”既没当过兵，更未被俘虏过……
经过匈牙利人民的反抗斗争，奥地利帝国*在1867年同匈牙利签订协定，承认在奥国皇帝为统一元首的前提下，可以建立二元化的联合国家政体，国名也改称奥匈帝国。一次世界大战结束时奥匈帝国崩溃，1918年末匈牙利实现了完全独立建国。
裴多菲牺牲时仅26岁，身后留下22岁的妻子和1岁半的幼子。他一生中写下了800多首抒情诗和8*篇叙事诗，此外还有80多万字的小说、政论、戏剧和游记，且有相当部分在战火中完成。这样的高产率，在欧洲文学史上是非常罕见的。
在匈牙利文学乃至其整个民族的发展史上，裴多菲都占有独特的地位。他奠定了匈牙利民族文学的基石，继承和发展了启蒙运动文学的战斗传统，被人誉为“是在被奴隶的鲜血浸透了的、肥沃的黑土里生长出来的‘一朵带刺的玫瑰’”。一个多世纪以来，裴多菲作为争取民族解放和文学*的一面旗帜，也得到了全世界进步人士的公认。他那一首首脍炙人口的诗篇，至今仍在广为传诵。
热心网友
时间：2022-06-28 17:04
Poet is also the Hungary race is literary of lay foundation stone a person.He is from in a poverty
Butcher family of trap, live a very poor paper life since the childhood.He did actor, be
It is the leader and the singer of the Hungary propertied class revolution in 1848 over the soldier.
His whole life is and Hungary the people resist a foreign country to invade and fight for a political a freedom
Of the conflict contact is together.Finally in and the sand 俄 the elder brother the gram soldier's physical fight
Sacrifice for the country, the year is only 26 years old.He is 15 years old to start write poem, at brief
But glorious whole life in, wrote more than 800 lyric poetries totally with nine s
Matter poem.Most the lyric poetry of the have 《the song of the race 》,《my song 》,
《A mind is worrying me 》,《the freedom and love 》,《I would like to
BE a rushing current 》,《mourn a king up the gallows 》etc.;Most the epic poetry of the
Have 《the big hammer of the village 》,《the promise warrior 》(a translate 《brave of about
》)With 《make 》.In addition he still compose novel, drama and political commentaries.
The has another the poem of the to use the form of the folk song depiction contemporary people's conflict.He
Have ever say:"In the Hungary people's middle, my song is for fighting for a freedom but
Struggle one lesson".
Poem:The freedom and love
July 31th in 1849, love one's country Hungary many 裴多菲·山陀尔 at the gram fortress big bloody battle in together the sand troops battle sacrifice, the year was only 26 years old.
The life is valuable
The love price is higher
If and freely past
Both all can throw
"The life is valuable, the love price is higher, if and freely past, both all can throw."Bring up this more than 100 in the last yearseses in the whole world widely for Psalter spread to cantillate, people will remind of its author then-the Hungary is poet 裴多菲·山陀尔.However special political atmosphere in China in 60's in 20 centuries under, "裴多菲·山陀尔 clubs" becomes the word that takes to have the bad omen meaning once again.If look back history objectively, people can know then that Hungary the great poet is the concern that is deeply think by mark with the boon space and speak favorably of in 1848 the brave private in the European revolution, his poem made also be oppress race to leave very and precious literature inheritance for the whole world.
■ The growth combines for the love song in the conflict environment fight for the race freedom
January 1st in 1823, 裴多菲·山陀尔s wased born in Austria empire to rule a bottom of the 阿伏 of the Danube side is a Hungary small city of the virtuous plains, the father was a destitute 斯 to pull the man clan butcher, the mother was a serf of MA3 ZHA2 ER3's clan.According to the then law his family be placed in a society most first floor.
A part of ancestries comes from the Hungary that the The Huns west of the Chinese Han Dynasty moves tribe, taking to have the thing characteristics that two kinds of vehemences of cultures collide, ising in the special position on the European history.In order to being discriminate against by the peripheral race to oppress over a long period of time, Hungary the person be close to thousand in the last yearses and has been excel to use verse as the horn that encourages this race combat, the modern age flows out more to appear one large quantity outstanding patriotic poet.17 centuries later, Hungary and then has been be subjected to Austria imperial of governance but lose an independent position, fight for freely of start revolution to struggle this to rise that 伏 .
The lived under this kind of environment is 裴多菲·山陀尔, the young ages would like to hear the legend that the old people relate the race hero beard leadership to start revolution.Discuss the Hungary race of that year to fight for the story of[with] independence but conflict in the public house and the companion, deeply beat under the branding in the top of his young and small mind.The atmosphere of this kind of"free forum", also promoted the have another the development and progress of the language biggest, pimping time he can fell the gram language freedom confabulation with the Hungarian and the , the Latin also has certain foundation.
In 1835, 12-year-old and poor kid 裴多菲·山陀尔 had an opportunity to the match virtuous attend school, three years in he showed intelligent wisdom and ability to the utmost, completing square in school the outside of the lessons of the provision again organization to rise progressive student's group, reading and studying the work of the history and Hungary classic writer of the French big revolution.In 1838, the had another the first work pasquinade that the wrote down him 《farewell 》.That poem inheritted to develop the tradition of the Hungary classic verse, initial body now he the whole life has been follow of verse language popularize characteristics.He served as soldier again, doing divagation actor, allowing 《wear the fashionable dresses report 》of assistant editor, abundant of the society experienced to turn him creations more deeply of source.
In September in 1846, the 23-year-old had another to become friends with daughter of the promise count the virtuous on the dancing party.This shape is high and have beautiful miss of shallow blue eyes of pure and frank, make the young poet love at first sight, own a great deal of count of land manor but be not willing to marry the daughter to the 裴多菲·山陀尔 such poor poet.Face resistance, 裴多菲·山陀尔 still can't repress to the emotion of 丽娅 , sending out one first feeling poem in the half year, such as 《with the result that 丽娅》,《I am a person who has love 》,《what you love is a spring 》,《the lonely autumnal winds is in the forest low language 》,《kiss to my 20ses a while 》etc..The delicacy in these lyric poetries, stir up the fetter that 丽娅 breaks through a father and family, has another the hall that the walked into a wedding with after a year.
At the moment, the European earth has already upsurged the revolution big current, Hungary the people start revolution also if flow out dynamic magma.The in the honeymoon is many intertextures with happiness and melancholy s.He wish to inlge in a private life commonly, writing down the maxim poem 《the freedom and love 》:"The life is valuable, the love price higher …… " this first on list make, henceforth a hundred years has been the moving poem that encourages progress youth in world.
The ■ does horn by verse to fight for race independence with the full intense emotion
Rule bottom Austria in the spring of 1848 of the Hungary race antinomy and the rank antinomy have already attained to turn white-hot degree.The has another to witness people to suffer to invade with the slavery, loudly the disease shout:"Difficult way do we want to pass from generation to generation to be a slave?Difficult way do we have no freedom forever to wait peaceably?"The poet start the ideal together the revolution connects tightly at together, the decision depends on destitute people to fight, and write down the small poem that a series of language practice, conct and actions encourages the horn that people head for the race democracy revolution.
On March 14th, he with other start revolution of the leader negotiates to start revolution an item in wear a coffee shop of the , and pass an aim Be practicing the political outline of[with] the propertied class reform 《12 》, be a night,the has another and then write down to start revolution the text 《the song of the race 》:
Get up, Hungary person, the motherland is invoke!
The that time wait, doing now, also calculate too late!
Would like to do free man, still is a slave?
Yourselves choose, be this problem!
Morning on 15th, shocked"wear to start revolution in Marchary" of the world start, more than 10,000s start revolution concentration before the race museum, the had another to read aloud his in public 《the song of the race 》.Start revolution the noise of shouting is sounding like thunder, capturing cloth to reach to wear quickly, and make it become the then European revolution center.In April next year, the Hungary national legislature still passes declaration of independence, building up republic.The boon space has ever point out:"The Hungary is from the revolution of March since all rescinded the farmer feudalism completely on the law and actually is compulsory unique nation."
Face the cloth reaches to wear to start revolution, the decision supports the south of the emperor of the old ordered Austria of Europe to unite the Russian sand to pull one a life time for thou right away, 340,000 the allied troops' facing population has only 5,000,000 of the Hungary is press crueltily.The race calamity time, the had another the general shell that the givesto fight well most to go to a letter。In January next year, the has another to become a major military officer, he writes the combat that the poem pickeds up weapon to attend to resist the allied troops of directly again in the meantime.
The ■ sacrifices to ride soldier's pike to descend in elder brother's gram brief of leave more than 800 verses from cradle to the grave
In the summer of 1849, the Hungary revolutionary army oppresses at the strong enemy under fight to last moment.Morning on July 31th, the shell general constitutes 300 people who return and can fight to a to ride soldier's brigade, before fighting to beat to ring and then especially the idea give repeated advice to many to leave.Poet but disobey the order of the general, follow Be riding soldier's brigade to set out behind.Was drown very quickly and then and melted when these brave Hungary warriors and several enemies were stalemated together.The shape pares a thin poet is also ridden a soldier by two Russian elder brother grams to surround in front and back, a the handle machete splits toward him crueltily, poet's 闪 body stay away, but in the meantime another a has already stab sharp long pike into his chest, the poet fell flop …… painfully
Few decades that are henceforth in, Hungary the people don't wish to believe their poet has already been not in the human life always, the legend appears continuously.Someone says once to see him in a farmer home, someone saw many in Russia after calling an oneself is capture.Hungary the parliament still was exclusively carry on investigate, but what to disappoint BE, this"witness" since have never served as soldier, is not led …… by captive more
Resist of people through Hungary conflict, Austria the empire is compelled to sign a pact together and Hungary in 1867, admit at Austria emperor for unify the head of state's premise under, can build up United Nations home economics body that 2 dollars turn, the country also changes to call the empire.The empire collapsed when World War I end, 1918 year-ends carried out Hungary to found a nation completely and independently.
Only 26 years old left the young child of the 22-year-old wife and 1 years old half after death when had another sacrifice.It wrote down more than 800 lyric poetries and 8 epic poetries in his whole life, still have in addition 80 have another ten thousand novel,political commentary,drama of the words and swim to record, and is very part of complete in the battle fire.Such high proce a rate, is very rare in the top of the European literary history.
In the Hungary literature is go to its whole development history of race up, the has another to all occupy a special position.He established Hungary the sill of the race literature, inheritting and developping to enlighten the combat tradition of the sport literature, drive person for"is a growth to come out in the quilt the slave's blood the permeance of, the rich black soil' a rose that takes to stab'".Since more than a centuries, the has another the conct and actions to fight for the race liberation and the literature a noodles of the revolution flag, also getting whole world a progress a personage of generally accepted.His that first very popular Psalter, up to now still at wide for spread to cantillate.
草 累死我了 他名字不知道怎么翻，就这样了
有的词不会我就省略了 也就8，9个
热心网友
时间：2022-06-28 17:04
Shakespeare is believed to have proced most of his work between 1586 and 1616, although the exact dates and chronology of the plays attributed to him are often uncertain. He is counted among the very few playwrights who have excelled in both tragedy and comedy, and his plays combine popular appeal with complex characterisation, poetic grandeur and philosophical depth.
Shakespeare's works have been translated into every major living language, and his plays are continually performed all around the world. In addition, many quotations and neologisms from his plays have passed into everyday usage in English and other languages. Over the years, many people have speculated about Shakespeare's life, raising questions about his sexuality, religious affiliation, and the authorship of his works.
William Shakespeare was born in Stratford-upon-Avon in April 1564, the son of John Shakespeare, a successful glover and alderman from Snitterfield, and of Mary Arden, a daughter of the gentry. His birth is assumed to have occurred at the family house on Henley Street. Shakespeare's christening record dates to April 26 of that year. Because christenings were performed within a few days of birth, tradition has settled on April 23 as his birthday. This date provides a convenient symmetry because Shakespeare died on the same day, April 23 in 1616.
Shakespeare probably attended King Edward VI Grammar School in central Stratford. While the quality of Elizabethan-era grammar schools was uneven, the school probably would have provided an intensive ecation in Latin grammar and literature. It is presumed that the young Shakespeare attended this school, since as the son of a prominent town official he was entitled to do so for free (although his attendance cannot be confirmed because the school's records have not survived). At the age of 18, he married Anne Hathaway, who was 26, on November 28, 1582. One document identified her as being "of Temple Grafton," near Stratford, and the marriage may have taken place there. Two neighbours of Hathaway posted bond that there were no impediments to the marriage. There appears to have been some haste in arranging the ceremony, presumably because Anne was 3 months pregnant.
Shakespeare's signature, from his will: By me William ShakespeareAfter his marriage, Shakespeare left few traces in the historical record until he appeared on the London theatrical scene. Indeed, the late 1580s are known as Shakespeare's "lost years" because no evidence has survived to show exactly where he was or why he left Stratford for London. On May 26, 1583, Shakespeare's first child, Susanna, was baptised at Stratford. Twin children, a son, Hamnet, and a daughter, Judith, were baptised on February 2, 1585. Hamnet died in 1596
热心网友
时间：2022-06-28 17:05
热心网友
时间：2022-06-28 17:06
