被动语态的意义
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发布时间：2022-05-04 11:49
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热心网友
时间：2022-06-21 14:23
Many
people
speak
English．（主动语态）
English
is
spoken
by
many
people．（被动语态）
1．被动语态的构成
由于不及物动词不能带宾语，故无被动语态，只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的动词短语才有被动语态，其基本构成方式是“助动词be＋过去分词”。
注意：“be＋过去分词”结构不一定都是被动语态，有些动词（如
be，feel，look，seem等）后面的过去分词已转化为形容词，用作表语表示状态。如：
My
bike
is
broken．（我的自行车坏了。）
The
door
is
open．（门开了。）
2．主动语态改被动语态的方法
1）将主动语态改为被动语态应注意以下三个方面：①将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语；②将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be＋过去分词”结构；③将主动语态的主语改为介词by之后的宾语，放在谓语动词之后（有时可省略）。
2）含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态时有两种情况：①把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语，直接宾语仍保留原位；②把直接宾语改为主动语态的主语，此时，间接宾语前要加介词to或
for。如：
He
gave
the
boy
an
apple．→The
boy
was
given
an
apple．（或An
apple
was
given
to
the
boy．）
Her
father
bought
her
a
present．→She
was
bought
a
present
by
her
father．（或A
present
was
bought
for
her
by
her
father．）
3）不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态，改为被动语态时不定式前要加to。如：
They
watched
the
children
sing
that
morning．→The
children
were
watched
to
sing
that
morning．
4）带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时，一般把主动语态的宾语改为主语，宾语补足语在被动语态中作主语补足语。如：
We
call
him
Xiao
Wang．→He
is
called
Xiao
Wang．
He
cut
his
hair
short．→His
hair
was
cut
short．
They
told
him
to
help
me．→He
was
told
to
help
me．
