主谓宾定状补系表分别修饰什么?它们的定义是什么?
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发布时间：2023-05-27 21:42
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时间：2024-11-26 07:21
主语
主语表明这句话说的是谁和什么,主语主要由名词、代词或相当于名词的单词,短语或从句充当.
一. 名词作主语
David arrived last night. 大卫昨晚到达.
Pride goes before a fall. 骄必败.
二. 代词作主语
Who is speaking, please? （在电话中）请问您是谁?
That's OK. 这没问题.
三. 数词作主语
Two will be enough. 两个就够了.
Two-thirds of the workers are women. 三分之二的工人是女工.
四. ing形式作主语
Skating is good exercise. 溜冰是很好的运动.
Looking up all the new words in the dictionary took him a lot of time.
从字典里查所有的生词花费了他许多时间.
五. 不定式作主语
To translate this ideal into reality needs hard work.
把理想转变成现实需要辛勤的劳动.
六. 名词化的形容词作主语
The blind and the lame are well cared for in our country.
在我们国家,盲人和肢残人受到很好的照顾.
The unemployed usually lead a hard life.
失业的人生活一般很困难.
七. 短语作主语
How to do well is an important question.
如何把这件事做好是一个重要问题.
Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy.
早睡早起身体好.
八. 从句作主语
What has happened proves that our policy is right.
发生的一切证明我们的*是对的.
Whether we'll go depends on the weather.
我们是否去要看天气.
谓语
谓语说明主语的动作或状态.谓语动词一般在主语之后.
Some children asked for cold drinks.
有些孩子要喝冷饮.
I shall go to see him tomorrow.
明天我要去看他.
I must ask her to teach me to swim.
我一定得请她教我游泳.
非谓语动词十大实用解题原则
非谓语动词主要包括to do, -ing和-ed三种形式,可是其用法非常广泛,它不仅是高考单项选择题测试的一个重点,而且也是完形填空、阅读理解、短文改错的重要考查内容.为了能更好地掌握非谓语动词的用法,笔者在教学实践中总结出十二条实用的解题原则,并且还用相关的题目来解释这些原则.根据这些原则,相信同学们可以轻松地应对非谓语动词.
原则一、两个句子必须要用连词连接,如果没有连词连接,则需要用非谓语动词
例1. _________ many times, but he still couldn’t understand it. A. Having been told B. Having told C. He had been told D. Though he had been told
例2．_________ many times, he still couldn’t understand it. A. Having been told B. Having told C. He had been told D. Though he had told
解析：例1中有连词but连接,表明前后都是句子,所以答案为C.
例2中后面是一个句子,而且没有连词,所以前面不是句子,应该用非谓语动词,根据句意此处为被动,所以答案为A.
原则二、不及物动词无-ed形式非谓语动词,及物动词有宾语时用-ing形式,无宾语时用-ed形式
例3. ____________ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.
A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing
解析：lose为及物动词,现在后面没有宾语,所以用-ed形式,答案为B.
例4. __________, I really believe that I’d prefer not to make any change now.
A. Considered all the possibilities B. Taking all the possibilities into consideration
C. Taken all the possibilities into consideration D. Giving all the possibilities
解析：把.考虑进来结构为take sth into consideration,现在take后面有宾语all the possibilities,所以用-ing形式,答案为B.
原则三、being done 表示“正在被”,一般不作状语,只作定语.非谓语动词的完成时形式to have done或having done强调该动作发生在句子谓语动词之前
例5. __ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.
A. Fail B. Failed C. To fail D. Having failed
解析：根据句意“我们没有打通电话,就给他们发了个邮件”,没有打通电话应该发生在发邮件之前,所以用having done,答案为D.
例6. Tim Bemers-Lee is generally considered _____ the World Wide Web, on which all the information is shared by all.
A. to have founded B. having founded C. founding D. to found
解析：根据句意,Tim Bemers-Lee创立万维网应该是过去的事情,而且be considered后面应该用动词不定式,所以应该用to have done,答案为A.
原则四、非谓语动词作定语时,表示将来用-to do,表正在进行用-ing,表示已经完成用-ed
例7. The play_____ next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture．
A．proced B．being proced
C．to be proced D．having been proced
解析：根据本题中的时间状语next month,可知the play将要于下月被创作出来,表将来应该用to do,所以答案为C.
例8.The trees _____ in the storm have been moved off the road.
A. being blown down B. blown down C. blowing down D. to blow down
解析：根据句意“被暴风雨刮倒的树已经从路上移走了”,树被刮倒是过去已经完成的动作,表已经完成用-ed形式,所以答案为B.
原则五、介词后跟-ing形式,可以在-ing前加逻辑主语
例9. The discovery of new evidence led to ______________. A. the thief having been caught B. the thief to be caught
C. catch the thief D. the thief being caught
解析：本题led to中的to是介词,后面应该用-ing形式,the thief作-ing的逻辑主语,所以答案为D.
例10. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks ____ could be heard outside the classroom.
A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed
C. being opened and closed D. to open and close
解析：本题the noise of中的of是介词,后面应该用-ing形式,desks作-ing的逻辑主语,所以答案为C.
原则六、-ing形式或to do可作主语或宾语,-ed形式则不可以
例11. ___________ in a heavy traffic jam is quite an unpleasant experience.
A. Caught B. Having caught C. Being caught D. To catch
解析：本题中is为系动词,前面应该作主语,用-ing形式,所以答案为C.
例12 ___twice a year, whether it is a car or a bus or a truck, is the rule that every driver must obey in this city.
A. Examining B. Examined C. Being examined D. Having been examined 解析：本题中is为系动词,前面应该作主语,用-ing形式,所以答案为C.
原则七、be+-ed+介词结构常可把be去掉保留-ed+介词做状语
例13Michael’s new house is like a huge palace, ______with his old one.
A. comparing B. compares C. to compare D. compared
解析：“和.相比较”结构为be compared with,现在做句子的状语,所以只保留非谓语动词,把动词be去掉,答案为D.
例14 _______ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.
A. To face B. Having faced C. Faced D. Facing
解析：“面对”结构为be faced with, 现在做句子的状语,所以只保留非谓语动词,把动词be去掉,答案为C.
原则八、非谓语动词作状语,其逻辑主语必须和句子主语保持一致,和句子主语构成主谓关系时用-ing形式,构成动宾关系是用-ed形式.其逻辑主语和句子主语不一致时,要在非谓语动词前加逻辑主语,构成独立主格结构
例15． ____ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we changed our dog.
A. Being bitten B. Bitten C. Having bitten D. To be bitten
解析：本题考查非谓语动词作状语,其逻辑主语应和句子主语the postman一致,the postman应该是被咬,所以答案为B.
例16._______ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring.
A. To walk. B. Walking C. Walked D. Having walked
解析：本题考查非谓语动词作状语,其逻辑主语应和句子主语he一致, he 和walk应该是主动关系,所以答案为B.
例17. While watching television, __________.
A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell rings
C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings
解析：根据“非谓语动词作状语,其逻辑主语必须和句子主语保持一致”的原则,watching的逻辑主语应和后面句子主语一致,所以句子主语应为“we”,答案为C.
例18. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons ____ for the day.
A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished
解析：本题没有连词,所以后面应用非谓语动词,the lessons是非谓语动词的逻辑主语,和非谓语动词构成独立主格结构.根据句意应是“被完成”,所以答案为B.
原则九、不定式做状语一般有两种：目的状语和出乎意料的结果状语（表示顺其自然的结果用-ing形式）.另外,某些形容词（表喜、怒、哀、乐）做表语后跟不定式可以表示原因
例19．_____, you need to give all you have and try your best.
A Being a winner B To be a winner C Be a winner D Having been a winner
解析：根据句意“要想成为获胜者,你要付出所有,尽最大努力”,此处表目的,所以答案为B.
例20. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _______ the film stars had left.
A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told
解析：本句句意为“记者们匆匆赶到机场,却被告知明星们已经走了”,表出乎意料的结果常常用only to do,所以答案为B.
例21. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, ________ in the natural light ring the day.
A. to let B. letting C. let D. having let
解析：本题句意为“玻璃门替换了木头门,自然光就进来了”,自然光进来时顺其自然的结果,所以用doing, 答案为B.
例22.How glad I am ___________ you!
A. seeing B. to see C. saw D. having seen
解析： 本题是I am glad to see you 的感叹句形式,to see you 是原因状语,答案为B.
原则十、 非谓语动词的否定原则是在非谓语动词前加not,有not to do, not doing, not having done, not to have done几种形式
例23______that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest.
A. Not realized B. Not to realize C. Not realizing D. Not to have realized
解析： 本题考查doing的否定形式not doing,答案为 C.
例24. What worried him most was ______ to visit his sick child.
A. his being not allowed B. his not being allowed
C. his not allowing D. having not been allowed
解析：本题考查being done的否定形式not being done; his 为not being done的逻辑主语,所以答
案为B.
例25. Sarah has decided ________ away on holiday this summer.
A. don’t go B. to not go C. not going D. not to go
解析：本题考查to do的否定形式not to do, 所以答案为D.
宾语
宾语一般用在及物动词的后面,表示行为动词所涉及的对象.
一. 名词作宾语
Show your passport, please.
请出示护照.
二. 代词作宾语
He didn't say anything.
她什么也没说.
三. 数词作宾语
How many do you want? - I want two.
你要几个?－ 我要两个.
四. 名词化的形容词作宾语
They sent the injured to hospital.
他们把伤员送到医院.
五. 不定式或ing形式作宾语
The asked to see my passport.
他们要求看我的护照.
I enjoy working with you.
我和你们一道工作很愉快.
六. 从句作宾语
Did you write down what he said?
你把他的话记下了没有?
表语
表语是用来说明主语的身份、特征和状态的,它常位于联系动词（be, become, appear, seem等）之后.
一. 名词作表语
Africa is a big continent.
非洲是个大洲.
That remains a puzzle to me.
这对我还是个难题.
二. 代词作表语
What’s your fax number?
你的传真号是多少?
三. 形容词作表语
I feel much better today.
我今天感觉好多了.
四. 数词作表语
She was the first to learn about it.
她是第一个知道的人.
五. 不定式或ing形式作表语
Her job is selling computers.
她的工作是销售电脑.
Our next step was to get raw materials ready.
我们下一步是把原料准备好.
六. 介词短语作表语
The patient is out of danger.
病人脱险了.
I don’t feel at ease.
我感到不自在.
七. 副词作表语
The sun is up.
太阳升起来了.
I must be off now.
现在我得走了.
八. 从句作表语
This is what he said.
这就是他所说的话.
