发布网友 发布时间:2022-04-23 14:09
共1个回答
热心网友 时间:2022-04-18 05:15
背景
Python中,xlrd主要用来读取excel文件, xlwt主要用来写文件,本文主要介绍打开已经存在的excel的xls文件,然后在最后新的一行的数据。要用到xlutils包,它依赖于前两个包。
折腾过程
1.找到了参考资料:
writing to existing workbook using xlwt
其实是没有直接实现:
打开已有的excel文件,然后在文件最后写入,添加新数据
的函数的。
只不过,可以利用:
Working with Excel Files in Python
中的库,组合实现。
2. writing to existing workbook using xlwt
给出了示例代码:
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12345678910111213141516171819202122rom xlutils.copy importcopy fromxlrd importopen_workbook fromxlwt importeasyxf START_ROW =297 # 0 based (subtract 1 from excel row number)col_age_november =1col_summer1 =2col_fall1 =3 rb =open_workbook(file_path,formatting_info=True)r_sheet =rb.sheet_by_index(0) # read only copy to introspect the filewb =copy(rb) # a writable copy (I can't read values out of this, only write to it)w_sheet =wb.get_sheet(0) # the sheet to write to within the writable copy forrow_index inrange(START_ROW, r_sheet.nrows): age_nov =r_sheet.cell(row_index, col_age_november).value ifage_nov ==3: #If 3, then Combo I 3-4 year old for both summer1 and fall1 w_sheet.write(row_index, col_summer1, 'Combo I 3-4 year old') w_sheet.write(row_index, col_fall1, 'Combo I 3-4 year old') wb.save(file_path +'.out' + os.path.splitext(file_path)[-1])3. 刚又看到,有更简洁的代码:
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1234fromxlutils.copy importcopyw =copy('book1.xls')w.get_sheet(0).write(0,0,"foo")w.save('book2.xls')4.现在打算去试试。
先去安装xlrd:
【记录】Python中安装xlrd模块
6.再去安装xlutils:
【记录】Python中安装可以读写excel的xls文件的xlutils模块(需依赖于xlrd和xlwt)
7.接着可以去写代码了。
8.先是:
【已解决】Python中使用xlutils.copy出错:AttributeError: ‘mole’ object has no attribute ‘copy’
9.后是:
【已解决】Python中使用xlutils的copy出错:AttributeError: ‘str’ object has no attribute ‘datemode’
10.后来是用如下代码:
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1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132importxlwt;importxlrd;#import xlutils;fromxlutils.copy importcopy; #init xls file#styleBlueBkg= xlwt.easyxf('pattern: pattern solid, fore_colour sky_blue;');#styleBold = xlwt.easyxf('font: bold on');styleBoldRed =xlwt.easyxf('font: color-index red, bold on');headerStyle =styleBoldRed;wb =xlwt.Workbook();ws =wb.add_sheet(gConst['xls']['sheetName']);ws.write(0, 0, "Header", headerStyle);ws.write(0, 1, "CatalogNumber", headerStyle);ws.write(0, 2, "PartNumber", headerStyle);wb.save(gConst['xls']['fileName']); #open existed xls file#newWb = xlutils.copy(gConst['xls']['fileName']);#newWb = copy(gConst['xls']['fileName']);oldWb =xlrd.open_workbook(gConst['xls']['fileName']);printoldWb; #<xlrd.book.Book object at 0x000000000315C940>newWb =copy(oldWb);printnewWb; #<xlwt.Workbook.Workbook object at 0x000000000315F470>newWs =newWb.get_sheet(0);newWs.write(1, 0, "value1");newWs.write(1, 1, "value2");newWs.write(1, 2, "value3");print"write new values ok";newWb.save(gConst['xls']['fileName']);print"save with same name ok";实现了,打开,刚刚保存的,已经存在的xls文件,
然后写入新数据的目的。
但是有个缺点,
第一次保存时的,带格式(标题内容为红色粗体)的内容:
重新写入新数据,再保存时,却丢失了之前的格式(标题没了红色粗体了):
11.后来还是参考:
writing to existing workbook using xlwt
中的那个标准答案,在用xlrd.open_workbook时,添加对应的参数formatting_info=True,就可以保留原有格式了。
完整代码:
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1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132importxlwt;importxlrd;#import xlutils;fromxlutils.copy importcopy; #init xls file#styleBlueBkg= xlwt.easyxf('pattern: pattern solid, fore_colour sky_blue;');#styleBold = xlwt.easyxf('font: bold on');styleBoldRed =xlwt.easyxf('font: color-index red, bold on');headerStyle =styleBoldRed;wb =xlwt.Workbook();ws =wb.add_sheet(gConst['xls']['sheetName']);ws.write(0, 0, "Header", headerStyle);ws.write(0, 1, "CatalogNumber", headerStyle);ws.write(0, 2, "PartNumber", headerStyle);wb.save(gConst['xls']['fileName']); #open existed xls file#newWb = xlutils.copy(gConst['xls']['fileName']);#newWb = copy(gConst['xls']['fileName']);oldWb =xlrd.open_workbook(gConst['xls']['fileName'], formatting_info=True);printoldWb; #<xlrd.book.Book object at 0x000000000315C940>newWb =copy(oldWb);printnewWb; #<xlwt.Workbook.Workbook object at 0x000000000315F470>newWs =newWb.get_sheet(0);newWs.write(1, 0, "value1");newWs.write(1, 1, "value2");newWs.write(1, 2, "value3");print"write new values ok";newWb.save(gConst['xls']['fileName']);print"save with same name ok";?
1最后重新写入的数据,就可以保留之前的格式了(标题为红色粗体):
总结
python中操作,本身就复杂的xls文件,还是有点小麻烦的。
想要,往已经存在的xls文件中,写入新的行,新的数据,对应的逻辑为:
用xlrd.open_workbook打开已有的xsl文件
注意添加参数formatting_info=True,得以保存之前数据的格式
然后用,from xlutils.copy import copy;,之后的copy去从打开的xlrd的Book变量中,拷贝出一份,成为新的xlwt的Workbook变量
然后对于xlwt的Workbook变量,就是正常的:
通过get_sheet去获得对应的sheet
拿到sheet变量后,就可以往sheet中,写入新的数据
写完新数据后,最终save保存
相关完整代码为:
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12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728 importxlwt;importxlrd;#import xlutils;fromxlutils.copy importcopy; styleBoldRed =xlwt.easyxf('font: color-index red, bold on');headerStyle =styleBoldRed;wb =xlwt.Workbook();ws =wb.add_sheet(gConst['xls']['sheetName']);ws.write(0, 0, "Header", headerStyle);ws.write(0, 1, "CatalogNumber", headerStyle);ws.write(0, 2, "PartNumber", headerStyle);wb.save(gConst['xls']['fileName']); #open existed xls file#newWb = xlutils.copy(gConst['xls']['fileName']);#newWb = copy(gConst['xls']['fileName']);oldWb =xlrd.open_workbook(gConst['xls']['fileName'], formatting_info=True);printoldWb; #<xlrd.book.Book object at 0x000000000315C940>newWb =copy(oldWb);printnewWb; #<xlwt.Workbook.Workbook object at 0x000000000315F470>newWs =newWb.get_sheet(0);newWs.write(1, 0, "value1");newWs.write(1, 1, "value2");newWs.write(1, 2, "value3");print"write new values ok";newWb.save(gConst['xls']['fileName']);print"save with same name ok";