定语从句中的特殊情况
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发布时间：2022-04-23 13:16
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热心网友
时间：2023-10-03 02:08
1) 定语从句有*性和非*性两种.*性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非*性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开,例如：
This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子.（*性）
The house,which we bought last month,is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的.（非*性）
2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非*性的,例如：
Charles Smith,who was my former teacher,retired last year.查理·史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师.
My house,which I bought last year,has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园.
This novel,which I have read three times,is very touching.这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍.
3) 非*性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词,对其进行修饰,这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数,例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I meant,which greatly upsets me.他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦.
Liquid water changes to vapor,which is called evaporation.液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发.
说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非*性定语从句.
介词+关系词
1）介词后面的关系词不能省略.
2）that前不能有介词.
3） 某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换.
This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?
Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
关系代词的用法
(1) 如果先行词是all,much,anything,something,nothing,everything,little,none等不定代词,关系代词一般只用that,不用which.例如：
All the people that are present burst into tears.
(2) 如果先等词被形容词最高级以及first,last,any,only,few,mush,no,some,very等词修饰,关系代词常用that,不用which,who,或whom.例如：
(3) 非*性定语从句中,不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略.例如：
There are about seven million people taking part in the election,most of whom、are well ecated.
如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体,关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员,则用who.
