虚拟语气的含蓄条件句的运用
发布网友
发布时间：2022-04-23 09:38
共4个回答
热心网友
时间：2023-10-09 18:08
很多情况下，在表示假设的虚拟语气中，有时假设的条件并不以条件从句的形式表达，而是通过上下文或句中内在的逻辑关系，或用其它形式表达出来。
含蓄条件句主要通过名词、连接词、不定式、分词、动名词短语、介词短语及分句来暗示。这些表达形式在句中实际起着虚拟条件从句的作用。
含蓄条件句的虚拟时间：
含蓄条件句是一种不出现条件从句的句子，也就是说它只是单独的一个主句形式，因此谓语动词就是主句所要求的形式：
1、表示对过去的虚拟：情态动词 would/could/should/ought to + have done；
2、表示对现在或将来的虚拟：情态动词 would/could/should/ought to + do。
热心网友
时间：2023-10-09 18:09
一、含蓄条件句：
所谓含蓄条件句就是利用语境不直接说出条件的句子。这种句子可以分为两类：一种是广义的含蓄条件句，另一种是狭义的含蓄条件句。
1. 广义含蓄指的是不用连词 if 或 unless 介绍条件，而是改用其他方式。事实上这些表达方式也是同样是条件状语。
（1）用介词引入条件：
* but for（如不是, 如没有）：注意，凡是出现这个复合介词的句子，必须要用虚拟语气，如：
We would have had a pleasant journey but for the rain.（= We would have had a pleasant journey if it hadn’t rained.）
* without/with (在不具备/具备…的条件下), 如：
Without his help, I could not have done it well. (=If he hadn’t helped me, I could not have done it well.)
With favorable winds, we might have got there in tow days. (= If there should be favorable winds, we might have got there in tow days.)
* under （在…条件下）
We could have done better under more favorable conditions. （= We could have done better if we were to be under more favorable conditions.）
（2）分词短语充当条件（分词短语本身就具有充当条件状语的功能），如：
Given a certain oppertunity, he could have shown more talent. (= If he hade been given a certain oppertunity, he could have shown more talent.)
（3）表示不具备条件的连词连词：but,but that,or或otherwise不定式短语
They would have resisted but that they lacked courage. （= They would have resisted if they hadn’t lacked courage. 要不是缺乏勇气她们会抵抗的. ）
诸如此类，不一而足。
2. 狭义含蓄指的是不用任何语言方式显示条件，而是把条件隐藏在具体的原环境中，
（1）用上下文暗示条件，如：
I was so busy then, otherwise, I would have finished it. （If I hadn’t been busy then, I would have finished it.）
It rained yesterday, or I would have gone camping. (If It hadn’t rained yesterday, I would have gone camping.)
（2）用委婉语气暗示条件，如：
Would you mind opening the window? (=Would mind if I opend the window.)
Could you do me a favour to pass me the book? (= You would do me a favour if you should pass me the book. )
（3）用表示愿望的语气暗示条件，如：
Long live the Chairman Mao! (= If Chairman Mao should live long.)
（4）用其他语言环境暗示条件，如：
That would be fine. ( =省略了If you should do it.)
You might saty here forever. (=省略了 If you wanted to.)
I would not have done it. (=省略了 If I were you.)
二、含蓄条件句的虚拟时间
含蓄条件句是一种不出现条件从句的句子，也就是说它只是单独的一个主句形式，因此谓语动词就是主句所要求的形式.
1. 表示对过去的虚拟：情态动词 would/could/should/ought to + have done
2. 表示对现在或将来的虚拟：情态动词 would/could/should/ought to + do
热心网友
时间：2023-10-09 18:09
But for the help of the firefighters, the factory wouldn’t have been saved.
Without air, there wouldn’t be any living things on earth.
I was so busy then, otherwise, I would have finished it.
It rained yesterday, or I would have gone camping.
I would not change my mind unless the sun were to rise in the west tomorrow.
If only I were a bird now!
What if I were busy?
热心网友
时间：2023-10-09 18:10
虚拟语气句中不出现if条件句，而是利用介词或介词短语、分词短语，不定式或连词通过上下文表现出来。这时，须根据句子的含义来判定是用虚拟现在式还是虚拟过去式。
（1）介词或介词短语：but for,without,with,under
But for the rain, we should have a pleasant journey.
Without air, there would be no living things.
With favorable winds,we might have got there in tow days.
We could have done better under more favorable conditions.
（2）分词短语，
This same thing, happening in wartime,would amount to disaster.
（3）不定式短语
To hear him speak English, one would take him for a foreigner.
（4）连词：but,but that,or或otherwise
主句（虚拟语气）+but/but for(若不是)+从句（陈述句）
解释：主句是没有发生的事情，所以用虚拟语气；从句表示的是事实。
He wold have given you more help,but he was so busy.
(如果他不是那么忙，他会帮你更多的忙。“他忙”是事实，用陈述语气，但他并没有帮你更多的忙，用虚拟语气）
同理：
主句（陈述语气）+or/otherwise(否则)+从句（虚拟语气）
She eats too much every day,or she would be thinner.
(她每天都吃很多，否则她会瘦一点。她吃得多是事实，用陈述语气，她实际没有瘦，用虚拟语气）
建议你看复旦大学出版社的英语语法实践指南，很详细的
