[学酥学语法] 及物动词
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发布时间：2022-12-28 11:04
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时间：2023-10-22 22:17
动词/ Verb（v.）：表示动作或状态。
1. 动词的种类
1.1 动词的种类
动词主要分作下面几类：
及物动词 (Transitive Verbs)
不及物动词 (Intransitive Verbs)
兼做及物动词和不及物动词 (Ergative Verbs)
双宾动词 (Ditransitive Verbs)
成语动词 (Phrasal Verbs)
系动词 (Link-Verbs)
助动词和情态动词 (Auxiliary Verbs and Modal Verbs)
1.2 及物动词
1) 这类动词通常都跟有宾语（宾语表示句子中动作的承受者，也可表示动作的结果）：
She committed a serious error. 她犯了一个严重的错误。
2) 有些及物动词以表示人的名词或代词作宾语：
Her words comforted the sobbing child. 她的话给了那哭泣的孩子以安慰。
3) 还有些及物动词和一个介词短语或副词连用：
I couldn’t rid myself of this melancholy mood. 我无法摆脱这种忧郁的情绪。
常见的这类短语有：
accustom sb to sth
to make sb familiar with sth or become used to it 使习惯于
acquaint sb with sth
to make sb familiar with or aware of sth 使熟悉；使了解
attribute sth to sth
to say or believe that sth is the result of a particular thing 把······归因于······
base sth on/upon sth
to use an idea, a fact, a situation, etc. as the point from which sth can be developed 以…为基础（或根据）
cram sth into sth
to push or force sb/sth into a small space; to move into a small space with the result that it is full 把······塞进；挤满
compare A to B
to show or state that sb/sth is similar to sb/sth else 表明…与…相似；将…比作
condemn sb to sth
to force sb to accept a difficult or unpleasant situation 迫使······接受困境（或不愉快的情况）
confine sb/sth to sth
to keep sb/sth inside the limits of a particular activity, subject, area, etc. 限定；*
convey sth to sb
to make ideas, feelings, etc. known to sb 表达，传递（思想、感情等）
dedicate yourself/sth to sth/to doing sth
to give a lot of your time and effort to a particular activity or purpose because you think it is important 把…奉献给
deprive sb/sth of sth
to prevent sb from having or doing sth, especially sth important 剥夺；使丧失；使不能享有
direct sth to/towards sth/sb
to aim sth in a particular direction or at a particular person 把…对准（某方向或某人）
divide sth into sth
to separate or make sth separate into parts （使）分开，分散，分割，分成…
engrave A with B
to cut words or designs on wood, stone, metal, etc. 在…上雕刻（字或图案）
entrust A to B
to make sb responsible for doing sth or taking care of sb 委托；交托；托付
incorporate sth into sth
to include sth so that it forms a par of sth 将…包括在内；包含；吸收；使并入
jot sth down
to write sth quickly 草草记下；匆匆记下
lavish sth on sb/sth
to give a lot of sth, often too much to sb/sth 过分给予，滥施
liken sth/sb to sth/sb
( formal ) to compare one thing or person to another and say they are similar 把…比作…
mistake sth/sb to sth/sb
to think wrongly that sb/sth is sb/sth else 把…错当成
owe sth to sb/sth
to exist or be successful because of the help or influence of sb/sth归因于；归功于；起源于
present sb with sth /~ sth to sb
to give sth to sb, especially formally at a ceremony 把…交给；颁发；授予
prevent sb/sth from doing sth
to stop sb from doing sth; to stop sth from happening阻止；阻碍；阻挠
regard sb/sth as sth
to think about sb/sth in a particular way 将…认为；把…视为；看待
remind sb about/of sth
to help sb remember sth, especially sth important that they must do 提醒；使想起
rid sb/sth of sb/sth
( formal ) to remove sth that is causing a problem from a place, group, etc. 去除；清除
rob sb/sth of sth
[often passive] to prevent sb having sth that they need or deserve 剥夺（某人所需或应得之物）
subject sb/sth to sth
[often passive] to make sb/sth experience, suffer or be affected by sth, usually sth unpleasant使经受；使遭受
supply sb/sth with sth
to provide sb/sth with sth that they need or want, especially in large quantities （尤指大量）供应，供给，提供
treat sb to sth
to entertain sb with sth special 用…招待；以…款待
trust sb with sth/sb
to give sth/sb to a person to take care of because you believe they would be very careful with it/them 托付；托交；把…委托给某人照管
view sb/sth as/with sth
to think about sb/sth in a particular way 把…视为；以…看待
4) 有几个及物动词可以和许多名词一道表示动作，这类动词称作虚意动词（Delexical Verbs），最常见的是下面几个：have、give、take、make。相关用法可以查询词典。
5) 动词do可以跟许多名词作宾语，意思随后面的名词而变化。
