过去完成进行时的用法及注意
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发布时间：2022-08-13 20:12
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热心网友
时间：2023-01-27 16:44
Sb. had been doing
形式：
I （or You，He，John，They，Those men） had been studying．
770 过去完成进行时与过去完成时的用法很相近，它通常表示一个持续到过去某时的动作：
He had been waiting for two weeks． He was still waiting．（有一个表示一段时间的状语）
Up to that time he had been translating those books．（He was still translating at “that time”．）
He had been writing the letter till two o'clock．
He was now thirty years old．He had been gambling since he was ten．（He was still gambling at thirty．）
He had been standing there in the sun．（没有时间状语）
He had been thinking about his marriage．
不过这种时态并不一定表示这个过去动作将持续下去：
He came back at seven．He had been waiting for her two hours．（At seven he did not wait any more．）
He stopped swimming．He had been swimming for the last three hours．
另一方面，这种时态也和现在完成进行时一样，也可有一些特别的含义：
1）尚未完成：
He had been writing the novel．（He had not finished it yet．）
2）企图：
He had been studying the meaning of this proverb．（He was trying to study it．）
3）未得结果：
We had been studying what our enemy had said．（But we were not able to understand it．）
4）最近情况：
He had been quarrelling with his wife．（lately）
5）反复动作：
He had been asking me the same question．（Many times）
6）情绪：
What had he been doing？（不耐烦）
这种时态很少用在否定句中，而多以过去完成时代替：
He had not practised English for many years．（普通说法）
He had not been practising English for many years．（少见）
这种时态还可用在said，supposed等引起的间接引语中，代替现在完成进行时：
He said，“I have been speaking to John．”＝ He said that he had been speaking to John．
He thought，“She was watching me when I passed．”＝ He thought that she had been watching him when he had passed．
过去完成进行时经常与现在完成进行时混淆。
现在完成进行时 (The present perfect progressive) 由 have/has been +-ing 分词构成；
过去完成进行时（ The past perfect progressive tenses ）由 had been +-ing 分词构成．
现在／过去完成进行时的用法：
A. 在某段时间内一直进行的动作用现在完成进行时来强调动作在某段时间里的持续性．动作通常有”现在”的结果，要根据上下文来确定到”现在”为止，动作是否还在继续进行．同样，过去完成进行时表示在过去更早时间内进行的动作,并对过去某一时刻产生结果。
B.表示重复动作的现在／过去完成进行时
我们也可以用完成进行时形式来表示现在或过去经常重复的动作
注意：过去完成进行时和过去完成时类似，需要有过去这一时间点。
过去完成进行时的构成
过去完成进行时是由"had been + 现在分词"构成。
She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.
她在考试之前一直患重感冒。
Had they been expecting the news for some time?
他们期待这个消息有一段时间了吧？
Rafael was scolded even though he hadn't been doing anything wrong.
尽管拉斐尔没做什么错事，但他还是挨骂了。
下面，我们来学习一下它的用法。
过去完成进行时的用法
①表示过去某一时间之前一直进行的动作。
过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到这一过去时间。和过去完成时一样，过去完成进行时也必须以一过去时间为前提。
I had been looking for it for days before I found it.
这东西我找了好多天才找着的。
They had only been waiting for the bus a few moments when it came.
他们只等了一会儿车就来了。
②表示反复的动作。
He had been mentioning your name to me.
他过去多次向我提到过你的名字。
You had been giving me everything.
你对我真是有求必应。
③过去完成进行时还常用于间接引语中(详见第12章)。
The doctor asked what he had been eating.
医生问他吃了什么。
I asked where they had been staying all those days.
我问他们那些天是呆在哪儿的。
④过去完成进行时之后也可接具有“突然”之意的when分句。
I had only been reading a few minutes when he came in.
我刚看了几分钟他就进来了。
She'd only been reviewing her lessons for a short while when her little sister interrupted her.
她温习功课才一会儿，她妹妹就打断她了。
接下来，我们再来看看它与过去完成时的对比。
过去完成进行时和过去完成时的比较
She had cleaned the office, so it was very tidy.
她已经打扫过办公室了，所以很整洁。 (强调结果)
She had been cleaning the office, so we had to wait outside.
她一直在打扫办公室，所以我们不得不在外面等着。 (强调动作一直在进行)
