急求有关传感器的英文文献翻译,包括英文原文以及中文翻译
发布网友
发布时间：2022-06-01 16:43
共1个回答
热心网友
时间：2023-10-31 02:08
A transcer is a device that converts one type of energy to another. The conversion can be to/from electrical, electro-mechanical, electromagnetic, photonic, photovoltaic, or any other form of energy. While the term transcer commonly implies use as a sensor/detector, any device which converts energy can be considered a transcer.
Transcers are electric or electronic devices that transform energy from one manifestation into another. Most people, when they think of transcers, think specifically of devices that perform this transformation in order to gather or transfer information, but really, anything that converts energy can be considered a transcer.
Transcers that detect or transmit information include common items such as microphones, Geiger meters, potentiometers, pressure sensors, thermometers, and antennae. A microphone, for example, converts sound waves that strike its diaphragm into an analogous electrical signal that can be transmitted over wires. A pressure sensor turns the physical force being exerted on the sensing apparatus into an analog reading that can be easily represented. While many people think of transcers as being some sort of technical device, once you start looking for them, you will find transcers everywhere in your everyday life.
Most transcers have an inverse that allows for the energy to be returned to its original form. Audio cassettes, for example, are created by using a transcer to turn the electrical signal from the microphone pick-up – which in turn went through a transcer to convert the sound waves into electrical signal – into magnetic fluctuations on the tape head. These magnetic fluctuations are then read and converted by another transcer – in this case a stereo system – to be turned back into an electrical signal, which is then fed by wire to speakers, which act as yet another transcer to turn the electrical signal back into audio waves
Other transcers turn one type of energy into another form, not for the purpose of measuring something in the external environment or to communicate information, but rather to make use of that energy in a more proctive manner. A light bulb, for example, one of the many transcers around us in our day-to-day lives, converts electrical energy into visible light. Electric motors are another common form of electromechanical transcer, converting electrical energy into kinetic energy to perform a mechanical task. The inverse of an electric motor – a generator – is also a transcer, turning kinetic energy into electrical energy that can then be used by other devices.
As in all energy conversions, some energy is lost when transcers operate. The efficiency of a transcer is found by comparing the total energy put into it to the total energy coming out of the system. Some transcers are very efficient, while others are extraordinarily inefficient. A radio antenna, for example, acts as a transcer to turn radio frequency power into an electromagnetic field; when operating well, this process is upwards of 80% efficient. Most electrical motors, by contrast, are well under 50% efficient, and a common light bulb, because of the amount of energy lost as heat, is less than 10% efficient.
What is the Difference Between Transcers and Sensors
Transcers are machines used to change one type of energy into another. They can often be found as a component of more complex devices. Sensors are explicitly intended to measure and express levels of measurement. Quite often, sensors are composed of transcers; therefore, one can see how easy it can be to confuse the two.
Generally, transcers come in basic varieties of which there are almost endless applications. The first variety is contact transcers. This type is categorized by a single point of contact used to detect energy. There is generally a coupling material, such as water or oil, employed in order to prevent distortion between the source of energy and the point of detection.
Many sensors utilize contact transcers in order to detect energy levels and convert that into an electrical energy which would then influence a display meter. One type of contact transcer that was almost ubiquitous in the late 1980s and early 1990s were tape heads. These were found in any cassette player, touching the magnetic tape and reading the magnetic information that was on it. This information was then converted to an electric signal that was carried by wire to speakers or headphones and then converted back into sound waves.
The second most common type of transcers is the immersion type. These are intended to work in liquid environments. This type is effective at measuring sound, pressure, or other forms of mechanical energy. Paintbrush transcers are used like immersion types are, but they work in open environments and have highly sensitive crystals to detect even the faintest levels of energy. Antennae for radio waves are paintbrush types as they collect the broadcast radio waves and convert them into electrical energy that is converted back into sound by a radio’s speakers.
Vibration Transcer Current Transcer Capacitive Transcers MEMS Sensors
