面试题:关系型数据库mysql知识点梳理总结
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发布时间：2022-04-23 04:37
共1个回答
懂视网
时间：2022-04-29 20:45
一、安装
1、查看系统中是否已安装mysql
[root@master ~]# yum list installed mysql* 已加载插件：fastestmirror, product-id, subscription-manager This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register. Determining fastest mirrors base | 3.7 kB 00:00 extras | 3.4 kB 00:00 updates | 3.4 kB 00:00 updates/primary_db | 1.5 MB 00:00 已安装的软件包 mysql-libs.x86_64 5.1.71-1.el6 @anaconda-RedHatEnterpriseLinux-201311111358.x86_64/6.5 [root@master ~]# yum list mysql* 已加载插件：fastestmirror, product-id, subscription-manager This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register. Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile 已安装的软件包 mysql-libs.x86_64 5.1.71-1.el6 @anaconda-RedHatEnterpriseLinux-201311111358.x86_64/6.5 可安装的软件包 MySQL-python.x86_64 1.2.3-0.3.c1.1.el6 base mysql.x86_64 5.1.73-3.el6_5 base mysql-bench.x86_64 5.1.73-3.el6_5 base mysql-connector-java.noarch 1:5.1.17-6.el6 base mysql-connector-odbc.x86_64 5.1.5r1144-7.el6 base mysql-devel.i686 5.1.73-3.el6_5 base mysql-devel.x86_64 5.1.73-3.el6_5 base mysql-embedded.i686 5.1.73-3.el6_5 base mysql-embedded.x86_64 5.1.73-3.el6_5 base mysql-embedded-devel.i686 5.1.73-3.el6_5 base mysql-embedded-devel.x86_64 5.1.73-3.el6_5 base mysql-libs.i686 5.1.73-3.el6_5 base mysql-libs.x86_64 5.1.73-3.el6_5 base mysql-server.x86_64 5.1.73-3.el6_5 base mysql-test.x86_64 5.1.73-3.el6_5 base
2、查看现有安装包
[root@master ~]# yum list mysql* 已加载插件：fastestmirror, product-id, subscription-manager This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register. Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile 已安装的软件包 mysql.x86_64 5.1.73-3.el6_5 @base mysql-devel.x86_64 5.1.73-3.el6_5 @base mysql-libs.x86_64 5.1.73-3.el6_5 @base mysql-server.x86_64 5.1.73-3.el6_5 @base 可安装的软件包 MySQL-python.x86_64 1.2.3-0.3.c1.1.el6 base mysql-bench.x86_64 5.1.73-3.el6_5 base mysql-connector-java.noarch 1:5.1.17-6.el6 base mysql-connector-odbc.x86_64 5.1.5r1144-7.el6 base mysql-devel.i686 5.1.73-3.el6_5 base mysql-embedded.i686 5.1.73-3.el6_5 base mysql-embedded.x86_64 5.1.73-3.el6_5 base mysql-embedded-devel.i686 5.1.73-3.el6_5 base mysql-embedded-devel.x86_64 5.1.73-3.el6_5 base mysql-libs.i686 5.1.73-3.el6_5 base mysql-test.x86_64 5.1.73-3.el6_5 base [root@master ~]#
3、安装mysql服务器段
[root@master ~]# yum install mysql-devel.x86_64 [root@master ~]# yum install mysql-server.x86_64
4、安装mysql客户端（可选）
[root@master ~]# yum install mysql
二、配置
1、设置默认字符和引擎
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
在[mysqld]下添加
default-character-set=utf8 default-storage-engine=INNODB
三、启动和关闭
1、启动和关闭
[root@master ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
[root@master ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop 停止 mysqld： [确定]
2、开机启动
[root@master ~]# chkconfig --list | grep mysql mysqld 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:关闭 3:关闭 4:关闭 5:关闭 6:关闭 [root@master ~]#
[root@master ~]# chkconfig add mysqld chkconfig 版本 1.3.49.3 - 版权 (C) 1997-2000 Red Hat, Inc. 在 GNU 公共许可的条款下，本软件可以被自由发行。 用法： chkconfig [--list] [--type <type>] [name] chkconfig --add <name> chkconfig --del <name> chkconfig --override <name> chkconfig [--level <levels>] [--type <type>] <name> <on|off|reset|resetpriorities> [root@master ~]# chkconfig --add mysqld
[root@master ~]# chkconfig mysqld on
[root@master ~]# chkconfig --list | grep mysql mysqld 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:启用 3:启用 4:启用 5:启用 6:关闭 [root@master ~]#
更多安装配置相关详情，参看原博文：redhat下mysql安装与使用
四、启动mysql
[root@master ~]# mysql ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can‘t connect to local MySQL server through socket ‘/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock‘ (2)
问题原因：未启动mysql
1、启动mysql
[root@master ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start 正在启动 mysqld： [确定]
[root@master ~]# mysql Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.1.73 Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type ‘help;‘ or ‘h‘ for help. Type ‘c‘ to clear the current input statement.
mysql> status -------------- mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.1.73, for redhat-linux-gnu (x86_64) using readline 5.1 Connection id: 2 Current database: Current user: root@localhost SSL: Not in use Current pager: stdout Using outfile: ‘‘ Using delimiter: ; Server version: 5.1.73 Source distribution Protocol version: 10 Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket Server characterset: utf8 Db characterset: utf8 Client characterset: latin1 Conn. characterset: latin1 UNIX socket: /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock Uptime: 10 sec Threads: 1 Questions: 5 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 15 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 8 Queries per second avg: 0.500 --------------
五、mysql的使用
1、查看mysql帮助信息
mysql> h For information about MySQL products and services, visit: http://www.mysql.com/ For developer information, including the MySQL Reference Manual, visit: http://dev.mysql.com/ To buy MySQL Enterprise support, training, or other products, visit: https://shop.mysql.com/ List of all MySQL commands: Note that all text commands must be first on line and end with ‘;‘ ? (?) Synonym for `help‘. clear (c) Clear the current input statement. connect ( ) Reconnect to the server. Optional arguments are db and host. delimiter (d) Set statement delimiter. edit (e) Edit command with $EDITOR. ego (G) Send command to mysql server, display result vertically. exit (q) Exit mysql. Same as quit. go (g) Send command to mysql server. help (h) Display this help. nopager ( ) Disable pager, print to stdout. notee ( ) Don‘t write into outfile. pager (P) Set PAGER [to_pager]. Print the query results via PAGER. print (p) Print current command. prompt (R) Change your mysql prompt. quit (q) Quit mysql. rehash (#) Rebuild completion hash. source (.) Execute an SQL script file. Takes a file name as an argument. status (s) Get status information from the server. system (!) Execute a system shell command. tee (T) Set outfile [to_outfile]. Append everything into given outfile. use (u) Use another database. Takes database name as argument. charset (C) Switch to another charset. Might be needed for processing binlog with multi-byte charsets. warnings (W) Show warnings after every statement. nowarning (w) Don‘t show warnings after every statement. For server side help, type ‘help contents‘ mysql>
2、退出mysql
mysql> q Bye [root@master ~]#
mysql相关知识点整理
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