同位语从句的概念
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发布时间:2022-10-11 18:42
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热心网友
时间:2023-10-14 11:41
同位语从句属于名词性从句,大多由从属连词that引导,常常跟在fact,
idea,
opinion,
news,
hope,
belief等名词后面。同位语从句一般用来解释或说明这些名词的具体含义或内容,在逻辑上表现为同位关系。例如:
they
are
familiar
with
the
opinion
that
all
matter
consists
of
atoms.他们很熟悉这一观点,所有的物质都是由原子构成的。
1、从先行词来看
同位语从句与名词之间在逻辑上是"主语+be+表语"的关系。该名词是需要做特殊说明的抽象名词。例如:
they
were
delighted
at
the
news
that
their
team
had
won.当听到他们的球队赢了的消息时,他们欣喜若狂。
2、从引导词来看
引导词that在同位语从句中是连词,只起连接作用,无具体词义,that不可省略;that在定语从句中是关系代词,它在从句中充当一定成分---主语或宾语,有具体词意,作宾语时还可以省略。试比较:
the
factory(that)we
visited
yesterday
is
a
chemical
one.我们昨天参观的那家工厂是化工厂。(that在从句中作宾语,所以此句是宾语从句)
the
news
that
he
will
leave
for
shanghai
is
true.他将要去上海的消息是真的。(that只起连接从句的作用,所以此句是同谓语从句)
热心网友
时间:2023-10-14 11:42
在复合句主句中名词性成分之后与该名词性成分并列,
补充说明该名词性成分的有关情况的名词性从句,
被称为同位语从句。
同位语从句的先行词通常为answer,
hope,
fact,
truth,
belief,
news,
idea,
promise,
information,
conclusion,
order,
suggestion,
problem,
question,
thought,
report,
belief,
decision,
doubt,
opinion,
theory等抽象名词。
例如:
The
news
that
his
heath
is
failing
made
us
sad.
他健康状况不佳的消息使我们很难过。//
I
have
no
idea
where
they
are
spending
their
holidays.
我不知道他们在哪里度假。//
The
question
who
should
do
the
work
requires
consideration.谁该干这项工作的问题需要考虑。//
There
is
no
doubt
that
he
will
come
here
again.他会再来这里,
这是毫无疑问的。//
He
was
tortured
by
the
doubt
whether
he
would
accept
their
presents.他被是否接受他们的礼物这个疑虑所折磨着。
掌握同位语从句的用法要注意以下两个问题:
1.
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,
而是被别的词隔开,
以使得整个句子的结构显得平衡。例如:
He
got
the
news
from
Mary
that
the
sports
meeting
was
put
off.
他从玛丽那里获知了运动会被推迟的消息。//
Word
came
that
Hussein
had
been
captured.
侯赛因已被捕的消息传来。
2.
同位语从句和定语从句结构相似,
通常位于某一名词或代词后面,
但两者存在明显区别:
同位语从句对名词性成分加以补充说明,
是该名词性成分具体内容的体现(相当于名词的作用)。
that引导的同位语从句中引导词that不在该同位语从句中充当句子成分,
但不能被省略,
同位语从句还可以用whether、
how等连词引导(定语从句则不能)。定语从句对先行词加以*或修饰、
说明先行词的性质或特征(相当于形容词的作用),
定语从句的引导词均在该定语从句中充当特定的句子成分(that在其引导的限定性定语从句中充当主语、
宾语或者表语,
充当定语从句中宾语的that经常可被省略)。