间接引语 变直接引语
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发布时间：2022-10-13 21:41
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时间：2023-12-06 21:39
John said that he was going to London with his father. 约翰说，他要和他父亲去伦敦。（宾语从句是间接引语）
引用别人的话有两种方式，一种是讲述别人的原话，并把它放在引号里，这叫直接引语；另一种是用自己的话来转述别人，并且不能用引号，这就是间接引语。直接引语1和间接引语之间可以互相转换。
主语的变化
一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。
“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰,从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：
She said. "My brother wants to go with me. "
→She said her brother wanted to go with her.
“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语是第二人称或被第二人称所修饰,从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：
He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?"
→He asked Kate how her sister was then。
Peter said. "You had better come have today。"
→Peter said I had better go there that day。
“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：
Mr Smith said。 "Jack is a good worker。"
→Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。
时态变化
直接引语变为间接引语时，若主句为过去时态，变为间接引语的宾语从句的时态如下表：
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 一般过去时
一般过去时 过去完成时
一般将来时 过去将来时
现在进行时 过去进行时
现在完成时 过去完成时
过去完成时 过去完成时（不变）
过去进行时 过去进行时（不变）
can could
may might
must must/ had to
will would
①一般现在时---- 一般过去时
"l like English very much,"he said. 他说：“我很喜欢英语。”
→He said that he liked English very much.
②一般过去时----- 过去完成时
She said, "I've not heard from him since May."
-----She said that she had not heard from him since May.
③一般将来时- 过去将来时
He said, "It will rain soon." 他说：“很快就会下雨。”
→He said that it would rain soon
④现在进行时- 过去进行时
He said, "I'm using the knife."
----He said that he was using the
⑤现在完成时- 过去完成时
She said. "I have lost a pen."
→She said she had lost a pen
⑥过去完成时 不变
He said, "I had finished my homework before supper."
----He said that he had finished the homework before supper.
注意：
[1] 若直接引语为客观真理，则变为间接引语时时态不变：
The teacher said to us,"Knowledge is power."老师对我们说：“知识就是力量”
→The teacher told us that knowledge is power.
He said,"Light travels much faster than sound." 他说：“光的传播速度比声音快多了。” →He said that light travels much faster than sound. 他说光的传播速度比声音快多了。
[2]直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。
He said that his daughter was born in 1997."他说：“我的女儿是1997年出生的。”
→He said that his daughter was born in 1997.
时间状语，地点状语，指示代词和动词的变化
直接引语变为间接引语时，有些时间状语，地点状语，指示代词和动词也要作相应的变动。
直接引语 间接引语
时间状语 now 现在 then 那时；当时
时间状语 today 今天 that day 那天
时间状语 tonight 今晚 that night 那天晚上
时间状语 this week 本周 that week 上周
时间状语 yesterday 昨天 the day before前一天
时间状语 the day before yesterday 前天 two days before 前两天
时间状语 two days ago 两天前 three days before 三天前
时间状语 last week 上周 the last week 前一周
时间状语 tomorrow 明天 the next day 第二天
时间状语 next week 下周 the next week 第二个星期
指示代词 this 这 that 那
指示代词 these 这些 those 那些
地点状语 here 这里 there 那里
动词 come 来 go 去
He said,"l'm sleeping now ."他说：“我现在在睡觉。”
→He said that he was sleeping then.
①Now-then He said, "It's nine o'clock now." -------He said that it was nine o'clock then.
②Today-that day He said, "I haven't seen her today." ------He said that he hadn't seen her that day.
③Yesterday-the day before
She said, "I went there yesterday." --------She said that she had gone there the day before.
④Ago- before She said, "He left 30 minutes ago." ---------She told me that he had left 30 minutes before.
⑤Tomorrow-the next day
She said, "I'll go there tomorrow." --------She said that she would go there the next day.
⑥this -thatShe said that she would finish the work that morning. --------She said, "I'll finish the work this morning."
⑦these-those He said, "These books are mine." -----He said that those books were his. ⑧Here-there He said, "My sister was here one week ago." ------He said that his sister had been there one week before.
⑨Come-go She said, "I'll come here this evening." ---------She said that she would go there that evening.
各类句子直接引语变间接引语的方法：
①当直接引语为陈述句时，变为间接引语的方法是：将直接引语变为由that引导的宾语从句，跟在引述的动词之后（that也可以省略）。
She said :"My sister doesn't want to come here."她说：“我妹妹不愿意来这。”
→She said that her sister didn't want to go there .
②当直接引语为一般疑问句时，变间接引语的方法：将直接引语变为由 if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句跟在叙述动词之后。
"ls everybody here?"the teacher asked.老师问道：“大家都到齐了么？”
→The teacher asked if / whether everbody was there.
Tom said，“Can you play basketball，Mike?
-----Tom asked Mike if he could play basketball．
Mary said to Daming，Will you leave for Hawaii?"
----Mary asked Daming if he would leave for Hawaii．
③当直接引语为特殊疑问句时，变为间接引语的方法是：将直接引语变为由“疑问词”引导的宾语从句，跟在引述之后。
She asked ,:"Where does he live?“ 她问：“你住在哪里？”
→She asked where he lived.
④当直接引语为祈使句时，变为间接引语的方法是：使用ask / tell / order sb. to do sth.这一结构进行转换，若祈使句为否定式则用ask / tell / order sb. not to do sth.,其中ask, tell, order的选择要根据句子的语气而定。
"Get up early tomorrow , Bill,"he said. 他说：“比尔，明天早点起床。”
→He told Bill to get up early the next day.
Bring me a cup of tea, please," said she.
→She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.
⑤直接引语如果是感叹句，改为间接引语时，改成用疑问代词what或疑问副词how引导的宾语从句。也可以改为that引导的从句。
He said to me ,"What a beautiful park it is."
→ He told me what a beautiful park it was.
或 He told me that the park was quite beautiful.
⑥直接引语如果是以“Let‘s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动句词（或从句）。”
He said, "Let’s go to the film."
→He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film.
直引若是一般问，变为if/whether连。语序变为陈述式，时态人称相应变。
直引若是特殊问，疑问词连接记心间。其余问题挺简单，一切只当一般问。
直引若是祈使句，谓语动词挺要紧。told/asked/ordered根据语气来选定。
告诉人，请人，命令人，后跟to do sth,若是否定祈使句，not to do后边行
热心网友
时间：2023-12-06 21:40
热心网友
时间：2023-12-06 21:40
