西方餐饮文化英文介绍
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发布时间：2022-08-28 01:56
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时间：2024-11-18 05:59
The habit of have mealing of west is different from we much have, especially colloquy a western meal the party, rules is rather many.When join in a western meal parties should notice the following items:
1, the wine that foreigner is general did not let the habit let the vegetables, therefore you like to eat the what, no harm to much take the point.
2, should wait the all guest the in front to all ascended the vegetables, hostess to picked up her knife with after fork signal hint can just use the meal.
3, the table napkin should spread on the knee.Can also defend at the neck is last or chest front, but not very square.Can wipe the oil on your mouth or stains on the finger with table napkin dime, but the absolutely not can the wipe cutlery.
4, have meal to sit properly body not want two arms lay down horizontally on the table.
5, usage knife and fork hour, should the left hand use the fork, and by hand use the knife.Slice the meat should avoid the knife to slice on the porcelain dish to send out the sound.Midway let go of the knife and fork, and should report the "eight" the matrix cent put on the plate.If the knife and fork put together, mean to complete with meal.
6, want to drink the water, should be first food pharyngeal bottom.While drinking the water with glass cup, want to wipe the oil stains on the mouth first, and the in order to prevent make dirty the cup.
7, if sneeze or cough, or want the bathroom, should humality that face surroundings sorry.
8, have meal, always remain mum to is not polite , but mastication food the hour don't speak the words, and swallow again answer.
9, be the bellboy according to this give the guest top vegetables, walk to the left side that you, just the your turn take the vegetables.
Complete with meal, and the hostess stand to rise, and can just leave the seat.The table napkin puts on the table, and don't shine on the original kind fold good
(一)基本的讲究
排列座次时，国内外的基本作法有所不同。在涉外场合排列座次时，一般均应遵守国际惯例。
1.我国传统作法
在排列并排的座次时，我国的传统作法是"以左为上"，即认为居左之位高于居右之位。当前，国内在举行会议及正式合影时，仍多沿用此法。
2.国际通行作法
并排排列座次时，国际上的通行作法是"以右为上"，即认为居右之位高于居左之位。在涉外场合，它已被广泛采用。
关于中国人的宴席座次礼仪
古代中国素有“礼仪之邦”之称，讲礼仪，循礼法，崇礼教，重礼信关于中国人的宴席座次礼仪 ，守礼仪，是中国人数千年的传统。“不学礼，无以立”，礼的核心是人的社会行为规范，是中国民众已经习惯和风俗化了的社会性行为准则、道德尺度与各种礼节。所谓“礼节民心，让则不争”；“衣食既足，礼让以兴”，礼就是个人利欲心的节制和人群利益的调度。讲礼，就是要谦恭退让，“礼”与“让”往往相连，这就是“礼让”一词的由来和义释。
中国最早的礼和最普泛、最重要的礼，可以说就是食礼，“夫礼之初，始诸饮食”，用食来敬神，表明“礼”是极隆重的事，并且是起源很早的。礼是以个人的文化学识与心性修养为基础的。检验一个人修养的最好场合，莫过于集群宴会了。因此，“子能食食，教以右手”（《礼记·内则》），家庭启蒙礼教的第一课便是食礼。而中国宴会繁缛食礼的基础仪程和中心环节，即是宴席上的座次之礼——“安席”。史载，汉高祖刘邦的发迹就缘于他于沛县令的“重客”群豪宴会上旁若无人“坐上坐”。当时还是“席地而坐”，“上坐”，乃宴席的“尊位所在”，亦即“席端”。这种宴席上的“上坐”，因坐制的饮食基础器具、几案、餐桌椅形制的历史演变而有时代的不同。两汉以前，“席南向北向，以西方为上”，即以面朝东坐为上。《史记·项羽本纪》中鸿门宴会的座次是一规范：“项王、项伯东向坐，亚父南向坐，亚父者，范增也。沛公北向坐，张良西向坐”，此即顾炎武所谓：“古人之坐，以东向为尊。”着是指的“室”内设宴的座礼。而在位于宫室主要建筑物前部*坐北朝南的“堂”上，则是以南向为最尊，次为西向，再次为东向。隋唐以后，开始了由坐床向垂足高坐起居方式的转变，方型、矩型诸种形制餐桌均以齐备，座次利益也因之有新的改变。方桌以边长92.5厘米、高87.5厘米的“八仙桌”为代表，贵客专桌，等而下之可2人、3人、4人、6人或8人一桌。除专桌以外，两人以上者，一般为1:1主陪客制。圆桌是应聚宴人多和席面大的要求之运而生的。最初也让用惯了方桌的人们颇不顺应，正如袁枚《园几》诗所说：“让处不知谁首席，坐时只觉可添宾。”
圆桌成清中叶后饭店酒楼流行的餐台式样，今日家庭中亦普遍使用，尤为今日餐饮业及机关企业食堂的会宴用桌面。其座次一般是依餐厅或室的方位与装饰设计风格而定，或取向门、朝阳，或依厅室设计装饰风格所体现出的重心与突出位置设首位。通常服务员摆台时以口布折叠成花、鸟等造型，首位造型会非常醒目，使人一望而知。而隆重的大型宴会则往往在各餐台座位前预先摆放座位卡（席签），所发请柬上则标明与宴者的台号。这样或由司仪导入，或持柬按图索骥、对号入座，自然不易出错。
参考资料：http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/35040648.html?fr=qrl3
