by的用法。急用!!!
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发布时间：2022-08-31 08:47
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热心网友
时间：2023-01-22 08:25
He was praised by the teacher.他受到了老师的表扬。
the book was written by Lu Xun.这本书是鲁迅写的。
2.表示方式、方法、手段等,后常接无冠词的名词或动名词,意为“通过;靠;用”。
Don't judge a person by appearances. 勿以貌取人。
He made a living by teaching.他以教书为生。
3.表示时间,意为“到……时(为止”或“不迟于……”。
He ought to be here by now.他现在应该在这儿了。
By the time he was ten, he had learnt about 1,000 English words.到十岁时,他已学了约一千个英语单词。
4.表示(增减)程度,尺寸数量等,意为“至……的程度”。
the bullet missed me by two inches.那子弹以两英寸之差未击中我。
the rope needs to be longer by two feet.这绳子需要再长两英尺。
5.表示交通路线或工具,后接名词不用冠词,意为“乘;坐”。
go by bus / plane / train 乘汽车(飞机、火车)去
travel by land / sea / air 陆上(海上、空中)旅行
6.表示位置,意为“在近旁;在……旁边”。
there is a pumping station by the river.河边有个抽水站追问还有吗？？
追答1）表示以一般的方法或方式。如：
No one in those days could live by writing poems.
（2）表示传达、传递的方式或煤介。如：
How did you send the letter, by airmail or by ordinary mail?
（3）表示用交通工具、通讯工具后接名词单数，不加冠词。如：
He came by train, but his wife came by bus.
注意下面两句的区别：
Did you come by train?
Did you come in his car / on my bike?
“by +抽象名词”构成的词组有：by accident / by chance / by diligence / by effort / by force / by heart / by luck / by mistake / by hard work.
将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。经常与before+将来时间或by+将来时间连用，也可与before或by the time引导的现在时的从句连用。
1) 构成will / be going to do sth.
2) 概念
a. 状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。
b. 动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作或一获得的经验。
They will have been married for 20 years by then.
You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.
将来完成时的构成
将来完成时的构成是由"shall/will + have +过去分词"构成的。
Before long he will have forgotten all about the matter.
不久他就会全然忘记这件事的。
He is somebody now. He will not have remembered his old classmates.
他现在是一个有身份的人了，他可能不会记得老同学了。
Will you have known Kevin for 10 years next month?
到下个月你认识凯文该有10年了吧？
将来完成时的用法
①表示在将来某一时间之前已完成的动作，并往往对将来某一时间产生影响。
We shall have learned 12 units by the end of this term.
到这个学期末，我们将学完12个单元。
By the time you get home I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom.
你到家之前我将把房子彻底打扫一遍。
