初中英语必考时态知识点归纳总结
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初中英语必考时态知识点
过去将来时
1. 概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。
2. 时间状语：the next day(morning, year),the following month(week),etc.
3. 基本结构：①was/were/going to + do;②would + do.
否定形式：①was/were/not + going to + do;②would + not + do.
一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首;②would 提到句首。
4. 用法
1) “would+动词原形”常表示主观意愿的将来。例如：
He said he would come to see me.
他说他要来看我。
He told me he would go to Beijing.
他告诉我他将去北京。
2) “was/ were+going to+动词原形”常表示按计划或安排即将发生的事。例如：
She said she was going to start off at once.
她说她将立即出发。
I was told that he was going to return home.
有人告诉我他准备回家。
此结构还可表示根据某种迹象来看，很可能或即将发生的事情。例如：
It seemed as if it was going to rain.
看来好像要下雨。
3) come， go， leave， arrive， start等瞬时动词动词可用过去进行时表示过去将来的含义。例如：
He said the train was leaving at six the next morning.
他说火车将于第二天早晨六点离开。
She told me she was coming to see me.
她告诉我她要来看我。
现在完成时
1. 概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在并且有可能继续下去的动作或状态。
2. 时间状语：recently, lately, since, for, in the past few years, etc.
3. 基本结构：have/has + done
否定形式：have/has + not +done.
一般疑问句：have或has。
4. since的三种用法
1) since +过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。
例如：I have been here since 1989. 1989起，我一直在这儿。
2) since +一段时间+ ago。
例如：I have been here since five months ago. 我在这儿，已经有五个月了。
3) since +从句(一般过去时)。
例如：Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后，变化可大了。
比较since和for
since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。
例如：I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在这儿二十多年了。
注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。
I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作。)
过去完成时
1. 概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。
2. 时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month),etc.
3. 基本结构：had + done.
否定形式：had + not + done.
一般疑问句：had放于句首。
4. 用法
1) 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句种。
例如：She said (that)she had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。
2) 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时;发生在后，用一般过去时。
例如：When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. *到达时，小偷们早就跑了。
3) 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean,
suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"。
例如：We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。
注意： had hardly… when... 刚......就......。
例如：I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我刚打开门，他就打了我。
had no sooner…than 刚…… 就……。
例如：He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他刚买了这辆车，转眼又卖了。
初中英语必考时态练习题
1. The sun ________ in the east.
A. is always rising B. always is rising C. rises always D. always rises
2. He often ________ his clothes on Sundays.
A. washing B. washes C. has washed D. wash
3. I’m Japanese. Where ________ from?
A. do you come B. you are coming C. you come D. are you coming
4. A mother who ________ her son will do everything for his happiness.
A. is loving B. loves C. loved D. has loved
5. ________ at a higher temperature than water?
A. Has milk boiled B. Is milk boiling C. Does milk boil D. Was milk boiling
6. He signed to us with his hand, “The lesson is over. You ________.”
A. dismissed B. are dismissed C. have dismissed D. were dismissed
7. I haven’t met him for ages, but his mother ________ him sometimes.
A. had still seen B. still sees C. has still seen D. still saw
8. We will start as soon as our team leader________ .
A. comes B. will come C. come D. is coming
9. I think Jack ________ the answer.
A. has known B. does know C. is knowing D. knows
10. My father ________ George quite well; they were introced at a party.
A. is knowing B. was knowing C. knows D. had been knowing
11. Where ________ ?
A. Mary works B. works Mary C. does Mary works D. does Mary work
12. I think this question ________ to answer.
A. easy B. is easy C. was easy D. Both A and B
13. ________ oil or butter when you cook it ?
A. Do you use B. Did you use C. Were you using D. Have you used
14. I ________ some newspaper at seven yesterday evening.
A. am reading B. read C. was reading D. will read
15. Now he ________ a book about New York. I don’t think he will finish it.
A. writes B. wrote C. has written D. is writing
16. Zhang Hua does a lot of housework every evening, but now he ________ his schoolmates with their lessons.
A. help B. is helping C. helps D. has helped
17. Mother washes the girl’s hair. Look, she ________ .
A. is washing it now B. washes it
C. is washing them now D. washes them now
18. He usually listens to the radio, but at the present moment he ________ television.
A. watches B. is watching C. has watched D. had watched
19. How long ago ________ playing with soldiers?
A. have you stopped B. had you stopped C. did you stop D. do you stop
20. Look at John! What _______ ?
A. does he B. he is doing C. is he doing D. does he do
21. It ________ hard when I left my house.
A. is raining B. rains C. was raining D. will rain
22.The railway ________ in three years.
A. is complete B. will completed C. has completed D. will be completed
23. Don’t talk so loudly. Your father ________ .
A. sleeps B. is sleeping C. slept D. had slept
24. ----- What are you doing under the table?
----- I ________ to find my pen.
A. tried B. had tried C. try D. am trying
25. Jane and Tom ________ the door.
A. are walking at B. walk at C. walks to D. are walking to
26. How many people does the doctor know ________ of the disease?
A. are dying B. is dying C. has died D. dies
27. He ________ thin.
A. was getting B. is getting C. will getting D. had been got
28. Our team ________ every match so far this year, but we still have three games to play.
A. was winning B. has won C. had won D. wins
29. I shall tell you what he ____at three o’clock yesterday afternoon.
A. has done B. has been done C. had been doing D. was doing
30. I ________ my homework now.
A. finish B. finished C. have finished D. had finished
31. I ________ this coat for very long. It still looks quite new.
A. wasn’t having B. haven’t had C. hadn’t D. haven’t been having
32. ________ reading the book yet?
A. Have you finished B. Were you finishing
C. Had you finished D. Are you finishing
33. The evening party ________ .You are a little late.
A. just began B. just has begun C. has just begun D. has begun just now
34. The dog is still wet. It ________ out of the rain.
A. only just comes B. has only just coming
C. was only just come D. has only just come
35. Where did you study before you ________ to this middle school?
A. come B. came C. are coming D. will come
36. He ________ home for nearly three weeks.
A. has gone away from B. has left C. has been away from D. went away from
37. ----- Did your brother go toAmericalast year? ----- ________ .
A. No, he has never go there B. No, he has never gone here
C. No, he never was there D. No, he’s never been there
38. My uncle ________ in that factory since 1958.
A. worked B. had worked C. is working D. has worked
39. I ________ her since she was a little girl.
A. knew B. know C. had known D. have known
40. He ________ for three years.
A. has joined B. has been in the army C. joined D. has served the army
41. His grandfather ________ for thirty years.
A. died B. was dead C. has been dead D. has died
42. I ________ a college student for more than a year.
A. became B. have become C. was D. have been
43. I ________ this radio for two years.
A. used B. use C. have used D. am used
44. I ________ from my brother for a long time.
A. not have heard B. have not heard C. have heard not D. do not hear
45. Since you don’t want to go, I ________ alone.
A. will go B. go C. went D. have gone
46. He________ his watch. Have you seen it anywhere?
A. lost B. lose C. has lost D. had lost
47. I ________ the exhibition on the life and work of Lenin.
A. see B. saw C. have seen D. am seeing
48. When I was a little boy my father ________ me the earth is round.
A. tells B. has told C. had told D. told
49. You ________ your homework..
A. haven’t done B. have doing C. have not doing D. not done
50. Our teacher ________ to Beijing three times.
A. went B. had done C. has gone D. has been
初中英语语法学习方法
1.在理解的基础上学习
学习语法要真正理解，不要死记硬背条条框框。例如家长在辅导孩子英语时，也许会特别强调现在分词和动名词在句子中的不同成分。很多孩子就死记硬背：分词可以作定语、状语、补语、表语;动名词可作定语、主语、宾语、表语。即使这样也经常记混淆。其词能充当的成分动名词基本都能充当。这样也便于理解为什么动名词能充当主语和宾语，而分词则不能。理解语法并不是要对语法规则刨根到底。有的孩子问：为什么英语有那么多时态，而汉语没有?每种语言都有它自己的规则。汉语不是没有时态，只是时态的表现形式不像英语那么明显。
2.积极主动归纳、总结语法规则
孩子在学习过程中要善于主动观察、归纳、总结语法规则，不能完全依靠家长、老师的讲解。研究表明，孩子自己归纳总结的语法规则比从书本上学来的记得更好。在孩子一道题或给予详细讲解后，应该让孩子尝试着自己总结规律。同样的情况在怎样的场合使用?有没有例外?实践表明，能自己总结语法规律的孩子，更能对语法进行灵活运用，且在阅读中也便显出反应迅速准确的良好状态。另外，有的语法书里讲的规则有时过于简单甚至不准确。比如很多语法书里，关于字母。结尾的名词的复数的规则是：一般加8226;s;有些加-es。那么到底哪些加—s哪些加-es呢?孩子又只能死记硬背。其实，多数单词加-es，比如heroes，tomatoes，potatoes，tornadoes，volcanoes，torpedoes等;少数单词加8226;s，而且加—s的词多为较长单词的缩写。比如：photographs—photos;kilograms—kilos;hippopotamus—hippos等。而radio本身就是几个单词的缩写，其复数形式当然是radios。如果孩子能够在学习中发现类似的规律，则可以大大减少死记硬背的负担。
3.要善于从错误中学习
英语学习中出现错误是不可避免的，孩子在学习时，一方面不要怕犯错误，要大胆地使用英语;另一方面，要注意纠正错误，从错误中学习。发现错误和纠正错误是做英语练习的目的之一。对于老师、家长批改过的作业，一定要仔细看。对批改还不明白的，一定要向家长或同学请教。在口头交际中，不能完全不顾语法，也不能因为怕犯语法错误而不敢开口。完全不顾语法，可能会使语法错误形成习惯，以后想改也改不过来。而因为怕犯错误而不敢开口或在表达中过多地进行自我纠正会影响交际的顺利进行，也可能因此失去很多交际的机会。研究表明，在口头表达中，适度地监控语法的正确性和准确性最有利于孩子提高口语能力。
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