andorid cookie为什么不失效
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发布时间：2022-04-23 14:46
共1个回答
热心网友
时间：2023-06-22 14:33
我们可以将cookies分成两类：
(1) 持久化的cookies
(2) 非持久化的cookies
持久化的cookies：这可以被称为永久性的cookies，它被存储在客户端的硬盘内，直到它们失效。持久化的cookies应该被设置一个失效时间。有时，它们会一直存在直到用户删除它们。持久化的cookies通常被用来为某个系统收集一个用户的标识信息。
非持久化cookies：也可以被称之为临时性的cookies。如果没有定义失效时间，那么cookie将会被存储在浏览器的内存中。我上面展示的例子就是一个非持久的cookies。
修改一个持久化的cookies与一个非持久化的cookies并没有什么不同。它们唯一的区别是——持久化的cookies有一个失效时间的设置。
Cookie持久化
HttpClient可以和任意物理表示的实现了CookieStore接口的持久化cookie存储一起使用。默认的CookieStore实现称为BasicClientCookie，这是凭借java.util.ArrayList的一个简单实现。在BasicClientCookie对象中存储的cookie当容器对象被垃圾回收机制回收时会丢失。如果需要，用户可以提供更复杂的实现。
下载着重介绍在安卓中如何利用httpclient来实现对cookie的持久化操作：
一、请求网络获取cookie
先看一下下面的代码：
[java] view plain copy
DefaultHttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient();
HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("http://www.hlovey.com");
HttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget);
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
List<Cookie> cookies = httpclient.getCookieStore().getCookies();
Post模拟登录
[java] view plain copy
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
List<NameValuePair> formparams = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("id", userid));
formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("passwd", passwd));
UrlEncodedFormEntity entity;
try {
entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, mobileSMTHEncoding);
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {
return 3;
}
httpPost.setEntity(entity);
httpPost.setHeader("User-Agent", userAgent);
HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
二、保存cookie
保存cookie有两种方式一种是数据库，另一种是SharedPreferences，其中http://blog.csdn.net/junjieking/article/details/7658551是使用数据库来保存的，这里我是使用SharedPreferences保存。
[java] view plain copy
package com.smthbest.smth.util;
import java.util.Locale;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.SharedPreferences;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.util.Log;
import org.apache.http.client.CookieStore;
import org.apache.http.cookie.Cookie;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
ic class PersistentCookieStore implements CookieStore {
private static final String LOG_TAG = "PersistentCookieStore";
private static final String COOKIE_PREFS = "CookiePrefsFile";
private static final String COOKIE_NAME_STORE = "names";
private static final String COOKIE_NAME_PREFIX = "cookie_";
private boolean omitNonPersistentCookies = false;
private final ConcurrentHashMap<String, Cookie> cookies;
private final SharedPreferences cookiePrefs;
/**
* Construct a persistent cookie store.
*
* @param context Context to attach cookie store to
*/
public PersistentCookieStore(Context context) {
cookiePrefs = context.getSharedPreferences(COOKIE_PREFS, 0);
cookies = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Cookie>();
// Load any previously stored cookies into the store
String storedCookieNames = cookiePrefs.getString(COOKIE_NAME_STORE, null);
if (storedCookieNames != null) {
String[] cookieNames = TextUtils.split(storedCookieNames, ",");
for (String name : cookieNames) {
String encodedCookie = cookiePrefs.getString(COOKIE_NAME_PREFIX + name, null);
if (encodedCookie != null) {
Cookie decodedCookie = decodeCookie(encodedCookie);
if (decodedCookie != null) {
cookies.put(name, decodedCookie);
}
}
}
// Clear out expired cookies
clearExpired(new Date());
}
}
@Override
public void addCookie(Cookie cookie) {
if (omitNonPersistentCookies && !cookie.isPersistent())
return;
String name = cookie.getName() + cookie.getDomain();
// Save cookie into local store, or remove if expired
if (!cookie.isExpired(new Date())) {
cookies.put(name, cookie);
} else {
cookies.remove(name);
}
// Save cookie into persistent store
SharedPreferences.Editor prefsWriter = cookiePrefs.edit();
prefsWriter.putString(COOKIE_NAME_STORE, TextUtils.join(",", cookies.keySet()));
prefsWriter.putString(COOKIE_NAME_PREFIX + name, encodeCookie(new SerializableCookie(cookie)));
prefsWriter.commit();
}
@Override
public void clear() {
// Clear cookies from persistent store
SharedPreferences.Editor prefsWriter = cookiePrefs.edit();
for (String name : cookies.keySet()) {
prefsWriter.remove(COOKIE_NAME_PREFIX + name);
}
prefsWriter.remove(COOKIE_NAME_STORE);
prefsWriter.commit();
// Clear cookies from local store
cookies.clear();
}
@Override
public boolean clearExpired(Date date) {
boolean clearedAny = false;
SharedPreferences.Editor prefsWriter = cookiePrefs.edit();
for (ConcurrentHashMap.Entry<String, Cookie> entry : cookies.entrySet()) {
String name = entry.getKey();
Cookie cookie = entry.getValue();
if (cookie.isExpired(date)) {
// Clear cookies from local store
cookies.remove(name);
// Clear cookies from persistent store
prefsWriter.remove(COOKIE_NAME_PREFIX + name);
// We've cleared at least one
clearedAny = true;
}
}
// Update names in persistent store
if (clearedAny) {
prefsWriter.putString(COOKIE_NAME_STORE, TextUtils.join(",", cookies.keySet()));
}
prefsWriter.commit();
return clearedAny;
}
@Override
public List<Cookie> getCookies() {
return new ArrayList<Cookie>(cookies.values());
}
/**
* Will make PersistentCookieStore instance ignore Cookies, which are non-persistent by
* signature (`Cookie.isPersistent`)
*
* @param omitNonPersistentCookies true if non-persistent cookies should be omited
*/
public void setOmitNonPersistentCookies(boolean omitNonPersistentCookies) {
this.omitNonPersistentCookies = omitNonPersistentCookies;
}
/**
* Non-standard helper method, to delete cookie
*
* @param cookie cookie to be removed
*/
public void deleteCookie(Cookie cookie) {
String name = cookie.getName();
cookies.remove(name);
SharedPreferences.Editor prefsWriter = cookiePrefs.edit();
prefsWriter.remove(COOKIE_NAME_PREFIX + name);
prefsWriter.commit();
}
/**
* Serializes Cookie object into String
*
* @param cookie cookie to be encoded, can be null
* @return cookie encoded as String
*/
protected String encodeCookie(SerializableCookie cookie) {
if (cookie == null)
return null;
ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
try {
ObjectOutputStream outputStream = new ObjectOutputStream(os);
outputStream.writeObject(cookie);
} catch (Exception e) {
return null;
}
return byteArrayToHexString(os.toByteArray());
}
/**
* Returns cookie decoded from cookie string
*
* @param cookieString string of cookie as returned from http request
* @return decoded cookie or null if exception occured
*/
protected Cookie decodeCookie(String cookieString) {
byte[] bytes = hexStringToByteArray(cookieString);
ByteArrayInputStream byteArrayInputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);
Cookie cookie = null;
try {
ObjectInputStream objectInputStream = new ObjectInputStream(byteArrayInputStream);
cookie = ((SerializableCookie) objectInputStream.readObject()).getCookie();
} catch (Exception exception) {
Log.d(LOG_TAG, "decodeCookie failed", exception);
}
return cookie;
}
/**
* Using some super basic byte array <-> hex conversions so we don't have to rely on any
* large Base64 libraries. Can be overridden if you like!
*
* @param bytes byte array to be converted
* @return string containing hex values
*/
protected String byteArrayToHexString(byte[] bytes) {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(bytes.length * 2);
for (byte element : bytes) {
int v = element & 0xff;
if (v < 16) {
sb.append('0');
}
sb.append(Integer.toHexString(v));
}
return sb.toString().toUpperCase(Locale.US);
}
/**
* Converts hex values from strings to byte arra
*
* @param hexString string of hex-encoded values
* @return decoded byte array
*/
protected byte[] hexStringToByteArray(String hexString) {
int len = hexString.length();
byte[] data = new byte[len / 2];
for (int i = 0; i < len; i += 2) {
data[i / 2] = (byte) ((Character.digit(hexString.charAt(i), 16) << 4) + Character.digit(hexString.charAt(i + 1), 16));
}
return data;
}
使用PersistentCookieStore来存储cookie，首先最好把PersistentCookieStore放在Application获取其他的地方，取得唯一实例，保存cookie是在登录成功后，从下面代码获取保存。
[java] view plain copy
PersistentCookieStore myCookieStore = App.getInstance().getPersistentCookieStore();
List<Cookie> cookies = httpClient.getCookieStore().getCookies();
for (Cookie cookie:cookies){
myCookieStore.addCookie(cookie);
}
三、cookie的使用
[java] view plain copy
PersistentCookieStore cookieStore = new PersistentCookieStore(SmthBestApp.getInstance().getApplicationContext());
httpClient.setCookieStore(cookieStore);
HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpget);
这样就可以免再次登录了。
