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热心网友 时间:2024-06-12 10:42
linux中怎么查看某用户所属所有组?
linux查看用户所属组有很多方法:
命令groups查看当前用户所属组
#groups
root
groups用户(查看用户所属组)
#groupsxly
xly:xly
id用户(查看用户所属组)
#idxly
uid=500(xly)gid=500(xly)groups=500(xly)
直接查看组文件,cat/etc/group
#cat/etc/group
root:x:0:
bin:x:1:bin,daemon
daemon:x:2:bin,daemon
sys:x:3:bin,adm
adm:x:4:adm,daemon
tty:x:5:
disk:x:6:
lp:x:7:daemon
mem:x:8:
kmem:x:9:
xly:x:500:
命令:cat/etc/group|grep组名,用于查找某个用户组
linux疑问,如何查看用户所在组,及权限?
linux查看用户所在组及权限的方法有:ls-l/etc/group查看所有的用户组及权限ls-l/etc/passwd查看所有用户及权限groups查看当前用户所在的组
如何在linux上用命令实现用户和组的管理?
Linux上用命令实现本地用户和组的管理
本地用户和组:管理文件和进程等等
本地用户和组:
1)root:超级管理员系统创建的第一个账户
特点:
id为:0
家目录:/root
具有系统的完全控制权:小心使用。
#id
uid=0(root)gid=0(root)groups=0(root)context=unconfined_u:unconfined_r:unconfined_t:s0-s0:c0.c1023
#
2)普通用户:不具有管理员权限
特点:
id范围:
1000=id=60000
家目录:/home/用户名
#idstudent
uid=1000(student)gid=1000(student)groups=1000(student),10(wheel)
#
3)服务用户:为服务提供权限
特点:
id范围:
0id1000
家目录:应用程序服务目录
#idapache
uid=48(apache)gid=48(apache)groups=48(apache)
#
如果是yum,rpm安装的软件:由rpm包中的脚本创建服务账户
Includeconf.moles.d/*.conf
#
#Ifyouwishhttpdtorunasadifferentuserorgroup,youmustrun
#httpdasrootinitiallyanditwillswitch.
#
#User/Group:Thename(or#number)oftheuser/grouptorunhttpdas.
#Itisusuallygoodpracticetocreateadedicateserandgroupfor
#runninghttpd,aswithmostsystemservices.
#
Userapache
Groupapache
#'Main'serverconfiguration
#
本地组:
1)主组:一个用户一定要属于某个主组中。当些用户在创建文件时,给文件的归属组
2)从属组:用户容器,组织和管理用户权限管控
作用:
文件:
进程:
$ps-ux
USERPID%CPU%MEMVSZRSSTTYSTATSTARTTIMECOMMAND
student321780.00.4930529360?Ss15:000:00/usr/lib/system
student321820.00.32537767072?S15:000:00(sd-pam)
student321880.00.21594124980?S15:000:00sshd:student@p
student321890.00.22339124864pts/0Ss15:000:00-bash
student322930.30.21594085192?D15:430:00sshd:student@p
student322940.30.22339124924pts/1Ss15:430:00-bash
student323190.50.22339404804pts/1S15:430:00/bin/bash
student323410.00.22693123876pts/1R+15:430:00ps-ux
$
账户文件:
1)/etc/passwd:保存用户信息
#cat/etc/passwd|grepstudent
student:x:1000:1000:StudentUser:/home/student:/bin/bash
用户名密码uid主组ID描述家目录登录shell
#
#cat/etc/passwd|grep-wroot:x
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
#
#cat/etc/passwd|grepapache
apache:x:48:48:Apache:/usr/share/httpd:/sbin/nologin
服务账号无法登录系统
#
2./etc/shadow:保存用户密码的HASH,密码的有效性信息,密码修改时间,账户有效期。
#
#ls-l/etc/shadow
----------.1rootroot1014Mar2911:39/etc/shadow
#
#
#cat/etc/shadow|grepstudent
student:$6$8oIjLCsc$/n1iQXYh1E6.uOEuJKgioqAtmqm2TQmkJGF2RwyteIr1tIfrPdiRYgWe6Sjen5/eMij2uHM/a1tue/QRlo3X80:18038:0:99999:7:::
#
密码的HASH:sha512
8oIjLCsc$/n1iQXYh1E6.uOEuJKgioqAtmqm2TQmkJGF2RwyteIr1tIfrPdiRYgWe6Sjen5/eMij2uHM/a1tue/QRlo3X80
18038:天数密码最后一次修改的时间从1970-01-01+18038天之后那一天
0:密码最少使用天数0没有*用户随时可以改密码
99999:天数,密码最大修改时间永久200多年
7:warning警告时间,当密码快到最后修改时间前7天,通知用户修改。
::天数失效时间inactive用户密码过了最后修改时间,未改变密码,再过多少天,账户将被锁定
::账户有效期
创建用户和组:
创建时,没有密码:
#useraddzhangsan
#useraddlisi
#idzhangsan
uid=1001(zhangsan)gid=1001(zhangsan)groups=1001(zhangsan)
#idlisi
uid=1002(lisi)gid=1002(lisi)groups=1002(lisi)
#
无法登录:与PAM有关
$
$su-zhangsan
Password:
Password:
su:Authenticationfailure
$
设置密码:
#
#cat/etc/passwd|grepzhangsan
zhangsan:x:1001:1001::/home/zhangsan:/bin/bash
#cat/etc/shadow|grepzhangsan
zhangsan:!!:18350:0:99999:7:::#!!未设置密码
#
#passwdzhangsan
Changingpasswordforuserzhangsan.
Newpassword:
BADPASSWORD:Thepasswordisshorterthan8characters
Retypenewpassword:
passwd:allauthenticationtokensupdatedsuccessfully.
#
#
#cat/etc/shadow|grepzhangsan
zhangsan:$6$3wxuXomVbQ58wQcK$oQW6injgldxa2N/Pt4tCPDVRqWRVGw.UNZdxE4R0nhEt8K/3UDKzxap6ReIReEvDpG.GdwjpMiiDh7.f6DJNQ0:18350:0:99999:7:::
#
chage可以查看用户密码属性
#chage-lzhangsan
Lastpasswordchange:Mar29,2020
Passwordexpires:never
Passwordinactive:never
Accountexpires:never
Minimumnumberofdaysbetweenpasswordchange:0
Maximumnumberofdaysbetweenpasswordchange:99999
Numberofdaysofwarningbeforepasswordexpires:7
#
创建组:从属组
#
#groupaddit
#
#
#groupaddsales
#
#
#
#cat/etc/group
root:x:0:
bin:x:1:
daemon:x:2:
sys:x:3:
adm:x:4:
tty:x:5:
disk:x:6:
lp:x:7:
mem:x:8:
kmem:x:9:
wheel:x:10:student
cdrom:x:11:
mail:x:12:postfix
man:x:15:
dialout:x:18:
floppy:x:19:
games:x:20:
tape:x:33:
video:x:39:
ftp:x:50:
lock:x:54:
audio:x:63:
users:x:100:
nobody:x:65534:
dbus:x:81:
utmp:x:22:
utempter:x:35:
input:x:999:
kvm:x:36:
render:x:998:
systemd-journal:x:190:
systemd-coremp:x:997:
systemd-resolve:x:193:
tss:x:59:
polkitd:x:996:
rpc:x:32:
unbound:x:995:
ssh_keys:x:994:
sssd:x:993:
setroubleshoot:x:992:
rpcuser:x:29:
insights:x:991:
cockpit-ws:x:990:
sshd:x:74:
chrony:x:989:
tcpmp:x:72:
student:x:1000:
printadmin:x:988:
libstoragemgmt:x:987:
slocate:x:21:
postdrop:x:90:
postfix:x:89:
apache:x:48:
zhangsan:x:1001:
lisi:x:1002:
it:x:1003:组成员列表
sales:x:1004:
#
#idstudent
uid=1000(student)gid=1000(student)groups=1000(student),10(wheel)
#
将用户添加进组:zhangsan,加入it组,lisi,sales组
#idstudent
uid=1000(student)gid=1000(student)groups=1000(student),10(wheel)
#usermod-aGitzhangsan
#
#
#usermod-aGsaleslisi
#
#
#idzhangsan
uid=1001(zhangsan)gid=1001(zhangsan)groups=1001(zhangsan),1003(it)
#idlisi
uid=1002(lisi)gid=1002(lisi)groups=1002(lisi),1004(sales)
#
删除用户:
#useraddandy
默认删除,保留用户的文件:
#
#userdelandy
#
#
#useraddandy#重建andy会不一样,uid会不同
useradd:warning:thehomedirectoryalreadyexists.
Notcopyinganyfilefromskeldirectoryintoit.
Creatingmailboxfile:Fileexists
#
#useradser1
#useradser2
#idandy
uid=1003(andy)gid=1005(andy)groups=1005(andy)
#userdel-rany
userdel:user'any'doesnotexist
#
#userdel-randy#不保留用户的文件。家目,邮箱文件,skel文件都会
#
#
#idandy
id:‘andy’:nosuchuser
#useraddandy
#idandy
uid=1006(andy)gid=1008(andy)groups=1008(andy)
#
从组中移除用户:
#
#idzhangsan
uid=1001(zhangsan)gid=1001(zhangsan)groups=1001(zhangsan),1003(it)#zhangsan主组,it从属组
#
命令:
#gpasswd-dzhangsanit
Removinguserzhangsanfromgroupit
#
#
#idzhangsan
uid=1001(zhangsan)gid=1001(zhangsan)groups=1001(zhangsan)
#
#
#usermod-aGitzhangsan
#
#
#idzhangsan
uid=1001(zhangsan)gid=1001(zhangsan)groups=1001(zhangsan),1003(it)
#
#
#
#groupszhangsan
zhangsan:zhangsanit
#
直接修改文件:
#vim/etc/group
#cat/etc/group|grepit:
it:x:1003:
#
删除组:
#groupaddtest
#
#
#groupdeltest
创建自定义用户和组:
实验:用户名mary,指定用户id2000,家目录/maryhome,不用登录系统描述thisismaryuser
#
#useradd-u2000-d/maryhome-s/sbin/nologin-c"thisismary"mary
#
#idmary
uid=2000(mary)gid=2000(mary)groups=2000(mary)
#cat/etc/passwd|grepmary
mary:x:2000:2000:thisismary:/maryhome:/sbin/nologin
#
#su-mary
Lastlogin:SunMar2916:48:49CST2020onpts/0
Thisaccountiscurrentlynotavailable.
#
创建自定义组:指定组id
#groupadd-g3000group1
#cat/etc/group|grepgroup1
group1:x:3000:
#
linux系统如何查看卷组成员?
Linux系统通过命令tar查看卷组成员。
linux查看oracle用户和用户组?
我的:Linux下可以使用id命令查看用户的信息和组。
可以打开终端后执行#idoracle命令进行查看。