同位语从句和宾语从句有什么区别，还有定语从句2

发布网友发布时间：2023-10-09 10:50

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热心网友时间：2024-12-15 06:43

同位语从句和定语从句都放在被修饰词的后边，从形式上来看，它们十分相似。从以下几个方面来谈它们的区别。 1、从句所修饰词的不同。同位语从句所修饰词通常是少数一些表示抽象意义的名词，如belief , doubt , fact , hope , idea , news , possibility , thought , order , suggestion , wish , answer , information , conclusion , decision , discovery , knowledge , law , opinion , problem , promise , proof , question , report , truth , risk 等。定语从句的先行词可以指人、物等。例如： He has told us a fact that drinking too much does harm to our health.他又告诉我们一个事实，过渡饮酒对健康有害。(同位语从句) We have no idea that her mother was a professor ten years ago. . 我们不知道她的母亲十年前是个教授。(同位语从句) This is the book that I bought yesterday. 这是我昨天买的那本书。（定语从句） I will never forget the day when I joined the Party. 我将永远不会忘记我入党的那一天。（定语从句） 2. 连接词的作用不同。连接同位语从句的that只起连接作用，不在从句中担任任何句子成分。whether 和 how 可以引导同位语从句，但不能引导定语从句。关系代词和关系副词除了连接从句的作用外，还在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分，如主语、宾语、定语、表语等。引导定语从句的连接词是关系词，常见的关系代词和关系副词有that , which , who , whose , whom , when , where , why , as，than, but 等。 The news that he wants to get is whether he will be sent to the countryside.他所想得到的消息是他是否将被派往农村。(定语从句，关系代词that作从句get的宾语。) Do you have a doubt whether she will be dismissed from school? 你怀疑她是否能被学校开除吗？(同位语从句) I have no idea how his parents were sad on hearing that their son was killed in the earthquake. 我不知道他的父母一听到他在地震中阵亡是多么悲伤！(同位语从句) 3. 从句作用的不同。定语从句具有形容词或副词的特点，对先行词起修饰、限定作用，描述先行词的性质或特征，与先行词之间是所属关系。同位语从句具有名词的特点，对中心词作进一步补充解释，是中心词的具体内容。例如： The man that you saw just now is my bother. 你刚才看到的那个人是我的弟弟。(定语从句) The suggestion that the meeting be put off proved right.推迟会议的建议证明是正确得。（同位语从句） The suggestion that he had made is that the meeting be put off. 他提出的建议推迟会议。（定语从句） 4. 正确理解和使用同位语从句，还应注意以下几点： A.分隔同位语从句：有时同位语从句与其先行词被其它成分分隔开来，这种分隔主要出于修辞原因，即为了保持句子结构平衡，避免头重脚轻。 The whole truth came out at last that he was a wolf in sheep‘s clothing . *终于大白了，他原来是只披着羊皮的狼。 An order has come from Beijing that these thieves will be sentenced to death . B.在某些名词后的同位语从句中，其谓语动词应用虚拟语气形式：（should） + 动词原形。常见的名词有advice , idea , order , demand , plan , proposal , suggestion , request 等。例如： The suggestion that a new bridge (should) be built was accepted . 采纳了在这里修建一座新桥的建议。 C.同位语从句的先行词往往没有复数形式。例如：他要来教我们英语的消息昨天我就听说了。（正）The message that he would teach us English reached me yesterday . （误）The messages that he would teach us English reached me yesterday . 定语从句与同位语从句都可定语从句与同为语从句都位于名词之后，而且都可用 that， when， where， why， who等词引导，但它们是两种性质完全不同的从句，不可混淆。那么，该如何区分呢？一、定语从句相当于一个形容词, 它对先行词起修饰、描述和*的作用。同位语从句相当于名词，属于名词性从句，它是对前面名词内容的具体表述，它们之间的关系是同位关系。试比较： The news that you heard is not true. 你听到的那个消息不是真的。（定语从句） The news that he has died is true. 他已经去世的消息是真的。（同位语从句，说明了 news 的具体内容，即he has died）二、同位语从句常跟在 news, fact, promise, idea, word, message, hope, truth, answer, proposal, suggestion, order, information 等少数名词之后，而一般名词之后都可跟定语从句。如： The suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman. 采纳新规则的建议是*提出的。 He didn\'t give the answer why he was late. 他没回答他为什么迟到这个问题。（同位语从句） Then rose a question where we should go. 于是产生了一个问题：我们该到哪里去？（同位语从句）三、that 在定语从句中充当某一成分, 是关系代词; that 在同位语从句中不作任何成分，仅把主句与从句连接在一起，是从属连词。如： The fact that just now you talked about interests me. 你们刚才谈论的事情使我感兴趣。（定语从句） The fact that he failed in the exam made his parents very angry. 他考试没及格这个事实使他的父母很生气。（同位语从句）四、when, where, why, how, who, whom, which 如果引导定语从句, 它们分别指前面先行词所表示的时间、地点、原因、方式、人和物，否则引导的就是同位语从句。试比较： I still remember the day when he was killed. 我还记得他被害的那一天。(定语从句) I have no idea when he was killed. 我不知道他什么时候被害的。（同位语从句） They didn\'t go to the town where they were born.他们没有去他们出生的小镇。(定语从句) They didn\'t answer the question where they were born.他们没有回答他们在哪里出生这个问题。（同位语从句）五、whether, what 可引导同位语从句，但通常不可引导定语从句。 We have no information whether he is alive. 我们不知道他是否活着。（同位语从句） The problem whether it is right or wrong has not been decided yet. 是对还是错，这个问题还未得到解决。（同位语从句） Next comes the question what step we should take. 接着的问题是我们下一步该做什么。（同位语从句）

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