年金现值的含义是什么?
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发布时间:2022-04-28 23:08
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热心网友
时间:2022-06-24 23:23
概念 年金是指等额、定期的系列支出。例如,分期付款赊购、分期偿还贷款等。
年金有普通年金、预付年金、递延年金和永续年金。
普通年金又称后付年金,是指各期期末收付的年金。普通年金现值,是指为在每期期末取得相等金额的款项,现在需要投入的金额。
预付年金是值在每期期初支付的年金。
递延年金是指第一次支付发生在第二期或第二期以后的年金。
无限期定额支付的年金,称为永续年金。现实中的存本取息,可视为永续年金的一个例子。
年金现值是指将在一定时期内按相同时间间隔在每期期末收入或支付的相等金额折算到第一期初的现值之和 [编辑本段]计算 年金现值是年金终值的逆计算。
计算公式:
P=[1-(1+i)的-n次方]/i,P是年金现值因子,设普通年金1元、利率为i、n期的年金现值,记作(P/A,i,n)。
推导过程:……………………①
将①式乘以(1+i),则:
………………………②
②-①,则:
(1 + i)P �6�1 P = A �6�1 A(1 + i)
P(1 + i �6�1 1) = A[1 �6�1 (1 + i)]
∴ [编辑本段]计算年金现值的举例 普通年金现值是指一定时期内每期期末收付款项复利现值之和。普通年金的计算可用图1表示。[1]
例1:要得到按6%折现、期数为3、每期为1元的普通年金的现值,可按下列方法计算,如图2所示:
在第一期末收到1元的现值为0.943元,第二期末收到1元的现值为0.890元,第三期末收到到1元的现值为0.840。年金的现值就是各个现值的总和2.673元。
例2[1]:租入某设备,每年年末需支付租金1200元,年复利率为10%,5年内应支付租金总额的现值是多少?
(元)
4452元是1200元租金年金按利率为10%五年期的现值。
现实上,年金现值与年金是互为逆运算,若已知年金现值时,也可求得年金,计算公式为:
式中是年金现值系数的倒数,也称资本回收系数,因为这个系数是计算资本回收额时使用的,而资本回收是指在给定期的年限内等额回收或清偿初投入的资本或所欠的债务,资本回收额的计算实际上是已知年金现值求年金的形式。
例:某企业以12%的年利率借款10万元,投资于某个寿命为10年的项目,每年至少要收回多少现金才是有利的?
(元)
17700元是10万元年金现值按利率12%十年期的年金,也是用10万元借款投资十年期项目在利率12%的情况下每年至少要收回的现金金额。 [编辑本段]年金现值系数表 n1%2%3%4%5%6%8%10%12%14%15%16%18%20%22%24%25%30%35%40%45%50%10.9900.9800.9700.9610.9520.9430.9250.9090.8920.8770.8690.8620.8470.8330.8190.8060.7990.7690.7400.7140.6890.66621.9701.9411.9131.8861.8591.8331.7831.7351.6901.6461.6251.6051.5651.5271.4911.4561.441.3601.2891.2241.1651.11132.9402.8832.8282.7752.7232.6732.5772.4862.4012.3212.2832.2452.1742.1062.0421.9811.9521.8161.6951.5881.4931.40743.9013.8073.7173.6293.5453.4653.3123.1693.0372.9132.8542.7982.6902.5882.4932.4042.3612.1661.9961.8491.7191.60454.8534.7134.5794.4514.3294.2123.9923.7903.6043.4333.3523.2743.1272.9902.8632.7452.6892.4352.2192.0351.8751.73665.7955.6015.4175.2425.0754.9174.6224.3554.1113.8883.7843.6843.4973.3253.1663.0202.9512.6422.3852.1671.9831.82476.7286.4716.2306.0025.7865.5825.2064.8684.5634.2884.1604.0383.8113.6043.4153.2423.1612.8022.5072.2622.0571.88287.6517.3257.0196.7326.4636.2095.7465.3344.9674.6384.4874.3434.0773.8373.6193.4213.3282.9242.5982.3302.1081.92198.5668.1627.7867.4357.1076.8016.2465.7595.3284.9464.7714.6064.3034.0303.7863.5653.4633.0192.6652.3782.1431.947109.4718.9828.5308.1107.7217.3606.7106.1445.6505.2165.0184.8334.4944.1923.9233.6813.5703.0912.7152.4132.1681.9651110.3679.7869.2528.7608.3067.8867.1386.4955.9375.4525.2335.0284.6564.3274.0353.7753.6563.1472.7512.4382.1841.9761211.25510.5759.9549.3858.8638.3837.5366.8136.1945.6605.4205.1974.7934.4394.1273.8513.7253.1902.7792.4552.1961.9841312.13311.34810.6349.9859.3938.8527.9037.1036.4235.8425.5835.3424.9094.5324.2023.9123.7803.2232.7992.4682.2041.9891413.00312.10611.29610.5639.8989.2948.2447.3666.6286.0025.7245.4675.0084.6104.2643.9613.8243.2482.8142.4772.2091.9931513.86512.84911.93711.11810.3799.7128.5597.6066.8106.1425.8475.5755.0914.6754.3154.0013.8593.2682.8252.4832.2131.9951614.71713.57712.56111.65210.83710.1058.8517.8236.9736.2655.9545.6685.1624.7294.3564.0333.8873.2832.8332.4882.2161.9961715.56214.29113.16612.16511.27410.4779.1218.0217.1196.3726.0475.7485.2224.7744.3904.0593.9093.2942.8392.4912.2181.9971816.39814.99213.75312.65911.68910.8279.3718.2017.2496.4676.1275.8175.2734.8124.4184.0793.9273.3032.8442.4942.2191.9981917.22615.67814.32313.13312.08511.1589.6038.3647.3656.5506.1985.8775.3164.8434.4414.0963.9423.3102.8472.4952.2201.9992018.04516.35114.87713.59012.46211.4699.8188.5137.4696.6236.2595.9285.3524.8694.4604.1103.9533.3152.8502.4972.2201.9992118.85617.01115.41514.02912.82111.76410.0168.6487.5626.6866.3125.9735.3834.8914.4754.1213.9633.3192.8512.4972.2211.9992219.66017.65815.93614.45113.16312.04110.2008.7717.6446.7426.3586.0115.4094.9094.4884.1293.9703.3222.8532.4982.2211.9992320.45518.29216.44314.85613.48812.30310.3718.8837.7186.7926.3986.0445.4324.9244.4984.1373.9763.3252.8542.4982.2211.9992421.24318.91316.93515.24613.79812.55010.5288.9847.7846.8356.4336.0725.4504.9374.5074.1423.9813.3272.8552.4992.2211.9992522.02319.52317.41315.62214.09312.78310.6749.0777.8436.8726.4646.0975.4664.9474.5134.1473.9843.3282.8552.4992.2221.9992622.79520.12117.87615.98214.37513.00310.8099.1607.8956.9066.4906.1185.4804.9564.5194.1513.9873.3292.8552.4992.2221.9992723.55920.70618.32716.32914.64313.21010.9359.2377.9426.9356.5136.1365.4914.9634.5244.1543.9903.3302.8562.4992.2221.9992824.31621.28118.76416.66314.89813.40611.0519.3067.9846.9606.5336.1525.5014.9694.5284.1563.9923.3312.8562.4992.2221.9992925.06521.84419.18816.98315.14113.59011.1589.3698.0216.9836.5506.1655.5094.9744.5314.1583.9933.3312.8562.4992.2221.9993025.80722.39619.60017.29215.37213.76411.2579.4268.0557.0026.5656.1775.5164.9784.5334.1603.9953.3322.8562.4992.2221.9994032.83427.35523.11419.79217.15915.04611.9249.7798.2437.1056.6416.2335.5484.9964.5434.1653.9993.3332.8572.4992.2221.9995039.19631.42325.72921.48218.25515.76112.2339.9148.3047.1326.6606.2465.5544.9994.5454.1663.9993.3332.8572.4992.2221.999
热心网友
时间:2022-06-24 23:23
年金现值系数是把每一期的年金折现后的加总。它的用途主要是比较等额付款和一次付款,哪一种更划算。主要是按揭还款和一次付清的比较。
热心网友
时间:2022-06-24 23:24
年金现值通俗的意义是指到第n年后价值折合成现在的价值。举个例子你现在从我手里面拿100块钱如果银行利息是10%的话,一年后你再给我100块钱就相当于你给我了一年前的90.91块钱。因为我90.91放在银行一年后得到100块钱;可以用年金现值计算下就你会明白。学渣一枚希望帮助你理解。
热心网友
时间:2022-06-24 23:24
年金现值就是在已知等额收付款金额未来本利(Future Value)、利率(interest)(这里我们默认为年利率)和计息期数n时,考虑货币时间价值,计算出的这些收付款到现在的等价票面金额Present Value。
简单举例,就是在利率5%/年的时候,一年后的105等于现在的多少钱?是100元。
热心网友
时间:2022-06-24 23:25
比方我现在有个项目,你一次性投入45万,我一年返你10万,返5年,假设银行利率5%,计算年金现值其实只有432950,也就是你存银行432950元,5年后就能拿到50万,如果你投我这项目反而亏了,那你自己衡量还要不要做这个买卖,我是这样的理解的,有不对的地方请指正。