同位语从句和定语从句有什么区别?
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发布时间:2022-05-16 09:37
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热心网友
时间:2023-09-09 07:49
同位语从句和定语从句一样通常都放在由名词充当的先行词后面, 且其先行词和关联词特点与定语从句先行词及关联词特点十分相似,极易混淆,不过两者的区别还是十分明显的。
1. 从句性质不同
同位语从句属于名词性从句,是用来进一步解释或补充说明前面的名词;而定语从句是用来说明先行词的性质或特征,起修饰或*的作用,与先行词的关系是修饰与被修饰的关系,从句相当于形容词。
例1:The plan that you will go there next week has to be changed.你准备下周去那里的计划得改变.
析:认真分析语境含义及句子结构可知,从句为The plan的具体内容,因此该句为同位语从句。
例2:The news that he told me was false.他告诉我的消息是假的。
析:认真分析语境含义和句子结构可知,从句是用来修饰The news的, 因此该句为定语从句。
2.关联词作用不同
定语从句的关联词在从句中作主语、宾语、时间状语、地点状语和原因状语等,而同位语从句的关联词在从句中不担任成分。
例1:The plan that I”ll stay there for a week can”t come true.我要在那儿呆一周的计划不能实现。
析:分析句子成分可知,that在从句中不作任何成分,因此该句为同位语从句。
例2:The plan that he raised was reasonable.他提出的计划合理。
析:that在从句中作宾语,因此该句为定语从句。
3.同位语从句先行词不同
同位语从句的先行词就是被同位语从句修饰的名词,因为它和同位语从句在内容上相同,因此常为一些体现一定内容的名词,如:hope, plan, fact, news, problem, truth, idea, information等,此时同位语从句具体介绍这些名词的内容。同位语从句的先行词虽然体现同位语从句的内容,但在同位语从句中并不充当成分。
热心网友
时间:2023-09-09 07:49
1. 从词类上区别
【同位语从句】前面的名词只能是【抽象名词】,如:
idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等
如:
The possibility (<---先行词)that the majority of the labour force will work at home is often discussed.人们经常讨论大多数劳动力将会在家里工作的可能性(同位语从句)
【定语从句】的先行词对【名词无*】
如:
The doctor (<--- 先行词)whom you are looking for is in the room. 你找的那位医生在房间里面(定语从句)
2. 从性质上区别
【定语从句】是从句对其先行词的【修饰或*】,属于【形容词】性从句的范畴
而【同位语从句】是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的【说明和解释】,属于【名词】性从句的范畴
如:
The news that our team has won the game was true. 我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的
(同位语从句,补充说明news到底是一个什么消息)
The news that he told me yesterday was true. 昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的
(定语从句,news在从句中作told的宾语)
3. 从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别
有些【引导词】如how, whether, what可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句
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热心网友
时间:2023-09-09 07:50
浅谈同位语从句和定语从句的区别
在教学中,同位语从句和定语从句是个难点。为了帮助老师和同学们解决这个难点,现就同位语从句和定语从句的区别谈谈自己的一点看法。同位语从句和定语从句都放在被修饰词的后边,从形式上来看,它们十分相似。从以下几个方面来谈它们的区别。
1、从句所修饰词的不同。同位语从句所修饰词通常是少数一些表示抽象意义的名词,如belief
,
doubt
,
fact
,
hope
,
idea
,
news
,
possibility
,
thought
,
order
,
suggestion
,
wish
,
answer
,
information
,
conclusion
,
decision
,
discovery
,
knowledge
,
law
,
opinion
,
problem
,
promise
,
proof
,
question
,
report
,
truth
,
risk
等。定语从句的先行词可以指人、物等。例如:
He
has
told
us
a
fact
that
drinking
too
much
does
harm
to
our
health.他又告诉我们一个事实,过渡饮酒对健康有害。(同位语从句)
We
have
no
idea
that
her
mother
was
a
professor
ten
years
ago.
.
我们不知道她的母亲十年前是个教授。(同位语从句)
This
is
the
book
that
I
bought
yesterday.
这是我昨天买的那本书。(定语从句)
I
will
never
forget
the
day
when
I
joined
the
Party.
我将永远不会忘记我入党的那一天。(定语从句)
2.
连接词的作用不同。连接同位语从句的that只起连接作用,不在从句中担任任何句子成分。whether
和
how
可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句。关系代词和关系副词除了连接从句的作用外,还在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分,如主语、宾语、定语、表语等。引导定语从句的连接词是关系词,常见的关系代词和关系副词有that
,
which
,
who
,
whose
,
whom
,
when
,
where
,
why
,
as,than,
but
等。
The
news
that
he
wants
to
get
is
whether
he
will
be
sent
to
the
countryside.他所想得到的消息是他是否将被派往农村。(定语从句,关系代词that作从句get的宾语。)
Do
you
have
a
doubt
whether
she
will
be
dismissed
from
school?
你怀疑她是否能被学校开除吗?(同位语从句)
I
have
no
idea
how
his
parents
were
sad
on
hearing
that
their
son
was
killed
in
the
earthquake.
我不知道他的父母一听到他在地震中阵亡是多么悲伤!(同位语从句)
3.
从句作用的不同。定语从句具有形容词或副词的特点,对先行词起修饰、限定作用,描述先行词的性质或特征,与先行词之间是所属关系。同位语从句具有名词的特点,对中心词作进一步补充解释,是中心词的具体内容。例如:
The
man
that
you
saw
just
now
is
my
bother.
你刚才看到的那个人是我的弟弟。(定语从句)
The
suggestion
that
the
meeting
be
put
off
proved
right.推迟会议的建议证明是正确得。(同位语从句)
The
suggestion
that
he
had
made
is
that
the
meeting
be
put
off.
他提出的建议推迟会议。(定语从句)
4.
正确理解和使用同位语从句,还应注意以下几点:
A.分隔同位语从句:有时同位语从句与其先行词被其它成分分隔开来,这种分隔主要出于修辞原因,即为了保持句子结构平衡,避免头重脚轻。
The
whole
truth
came
out
at
last
that
he
was
a
wolf
in
sheep‘s
clothing
.
*终于大白了,他原来是只披着羊皮的狼。
An
order
has
come
from
Beijing
that
these
thieves
will
be
sentenced
to
death
.
B.在某些名词后的同位语从句中,其谓语动词应用虚拟语气形式:(should)
+
动词原形。常见的名词有advice
,
idea
,
order
,
demand
,
plan
,
proposal
,
suggestion
,
request
等。例如:
The
suggestion
that
a
new
bridge
(should)
be
built
was
accepted
.
采纳了在这里修建一座新桥的建议。
C.同位语从句的先行词往往没有复数形式。例如:
他要来教我们英语的消息昨天我就听说了。
(正)The
message
that
he
would
teach
us
English
reached
me
yesterday
.
(误)The
messages
that
he
would
teach
us
English
reached
me
yesterday
.