高一的英语情态动词的用法
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发布时间：2022-05-12 19:49
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时间：2023-10-20 06:57
情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。 情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语
一、 can, could
1) 表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。
Can you lift this heavy box?（体力）
Mary can speak three languages.（知识）
Can you skate?（技能）
此时可用be able to代替。Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式；而be able to则有更多的时态。
I’ll not be able to come this afternoon.
当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to，不能用Can。如：
He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.
2) 表示请求和允许。
-----Can I go now?
----- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.
此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could,
might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。
---- Could I come to see you tomorrow?
---- Yes, you can. ( No, I’m afraid not. )
3) 表示客观可能性（客观原因形成的能力）。
They’ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead.
This hall can hold 500 people at least.
4) 表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。
Can this be true?
This can’t be done by him.
How can this be true?
二、 may, might
1) 表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can’t
或mustn’t，表示“不可以，禁止”。
----Might/ May I smoke in this room?
---- No, you mustn’t.
---- May/Might I take this book out of the room?
---- Yes, you can. (No, you can’t / mustn’t. )
用May I...？征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用Can I...？在口语中更常见。
2）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。
May you succeed!
3) 表示推测、可能性（不用于疑问句）。
might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。
1．He may /might be very busy now.
2．Your mother may /might not know the truth.
三、 must, have to
1) 表示必须、必要。
You must come in time.
在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustn’t（禁止，不准），而用needn’t, don’t have to（不必）.
---- Must we hand in our exercise books today?
---- Yes, you must.
---- No, you don’t have to / you needn’t.
2) must是说话人的主观看法， 而have to则强调客观需要。Must只有一般现在时， have to 有更多的时态形式。
1． he play isn’t interesting, I really must go now.
2． I had to work when I was your age.
3) 表示推测、可能性（只用于肯定的陈述句）
1． You’re Tom’s good friend, so you must know what he likes best.
2． Your mother must be waiting for you now.
四、 dare, need
1) dare作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为dared。
1． How dare you say I’m unfair?
2． He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare he?
3． If we dared not go there that day， we couldn’t get the beautiful flowers.
2) need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。
1．You needn’t come so early.
2. ---- Need I finish the work today?
---- Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.
3) dare和 need作实义动词用时， 有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。
1. I dare to swim across this river.
2. He doesn’t dare (to) answer.
3. He needs to finish his homework today.
五、 shall, should
1) shall 用于第一人称，征求对方的意见。
What shall we do this evening?
2) shall 用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
1. You shall fail if you don’t work hard.(警告)
2. He shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺)
3. He shall be punished.(威胁)
六、 will, would
1) 表示请求、建议等，would更委婉。
Will / Would you pass me the ball, please?
2) 表示意志、愿望和决心。
1. I will never do that again.
2. They asked him if he would go abroad.
3) would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比used to正式，且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。
1. During the vacation, he would visit me every other day.
2. The wound would not heal.
4) 表示估计和猜想。
It would be about ten o’clock when she left home.
七、 should, ought to
1) should, ought to表示“应该”，ought to表示义务或责任，比should语气重。
1. I should help her because she is in trouble.
2. You ought to take care of the baby.
2) 表示劝告、建议和命令。should, ought to可通用，但在疑问句中常用should。
1. You should / ought to go to class right away.
2. Should I open the window?
3) 表示推测
should , ought to (客观推测), must(主观推测)。
1.He must be home by now. (断定他已到家)
2.He ought to/should be home by now.(不太肯定)
3. This is where the oil must be.(直爽)
4. This is where the oil ought to/should be.(含蓄)
参考资料：http://www.en-teaching.com/ShowPost.asp?id=660
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时间：2023-10-20 06:57
I.情态动词+have done的用法
“情态动词＋have done”是历年高考的热点，但有些同学对这一结构不甚了解。为了便于同学们学习，现将这种结构的两种主要用法借表归纳如下。
一、表示对过去情况的推测或估计
所用的句式 意义
must have done 肯定句 一定（已经）
这里很完整的，课件下载：）~
http://www.jc5000.com/res/2006-2-17/r72592.html
can, could
1. 表达"能力".
2. 表示"许可".
3. 有礼帽地提出"请求".(用于疑问句)
4. 谈论"可能性".
5. 当主语为事物时可以表示"惊异".
We can use the computer now, but we couldn't two month ago.
You can go now.
Could you be here at eight o'clock tomorrow morning
He can't be the manager, for I saw him go to Canada yesterday.
What on earth can this mean
在表达"能力"时,可用 be able to 来取代 can.要注意的是:可在 be able to 前加肋动词或情态动词以表达更多的时态或情态,can 或 could 前则不可.
No one is able to do it. ( = No one can do it.)
We shall be able to finish the work next week.
I haven't been able to find any jobs.
may might
1. 表示"允许"
2. 请求"许可"(用于疑问句)
3. 谈论"可能性"
You may go home now.
He said that I might drink some beer.
May I watch TV this evening
--- May I use you pen
--- Yes, you may.
He may/might come tomorrow.
must
1. 表达"义务","责任" .
2. 进行"肯定的推断".
3. 其否定式 mustn't 表示"(说话人)禁止……,不准……";用来代替 may not 表示"不许可".
Everybody must obey the rules.
I must go now.
This work must be finished as soon as possible.
The Chinese language must have the largest number of speakers.
You mustn't lend the book to others.
在表示"客观需要"时,用 have to 而不用 must.另外可在 have to 前加肋动词或情态动词以构成更多的形式.must 前则不可.
You don't have to worry about that.
He had to spend his childhood in hard work, helping his father on their small farm.
The students of today will have to how to use the computers.
shall should
1. 表示"必要性".
2. 征求"意见"或"看法",请求指示.
3. 主语为二,三人称时,表达说话人强烈的意志和决心,有威胁或震慑听话人的作用.
We should be strict in all our work.
Where shall I wait for you
Shall we start the meeting now
Tell him that he shall have the book tomorrow.
You shall do as I say.
Young people should learn how to use computers.
在表示"必要性"时,可用 ought ot 来代替 shall,语气更正式一些.
will would
1. 表示"必然性".
2. 表达"意愿"或"意志".
3. 询问对方的意愿或提出请求.(用于疑问句)
Fish will die out of water.
Everyday she would get up at 6:00 and light the fire.
I will tell you all about it.
We'll help him if he asks us to.
I won't go home now.
I promised that I would do my best.
Would you like another cup of tea
Will you go with me
Will you please .
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时间：2023-10-20 06:58
