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什么叫从句?修饰主句的句子吗?由什麽组成?

发布网友 发布时间:2022-05-13 07:19

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热心网友 时间:2023-10-01 00:33

从句(Subordinate Clause)是复合句中不能独立成句,但具有主语部分和谓语部分,由that、who、whom,when,why,where。how,which等引导词(Connective)引导的非主句部分。从句的分类  从句不能单独成句,但它也有主语部分和谓语部分,就像一个句子一样。所不同在于,从句须由一个关联词(connective)引导。根据引导从句为主不同大概可分为:主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句6类。前四类由于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句及同位语从句在句子的功用相当于名词,所以通称名词性从句;定语从句功能相当于形容词,称为形容词性从句;而状语从句功能相当于副词,称为副词性从句。状语从句还可以分为条件状语从句、原因状语从句、地点状语从句和时间状语从句。  1.主语从句(Subject Clause):用作主语的从句叫主语从句。引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词、疑问代词、疑问副词、缩合连接代词、缩合连接副词等。  2.表语从句(Predicative Clause):用作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大都一样。  3.宾语从句(Object Clause):在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。  4. 同位语从句是名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句)中的主要从句之一,从句作同位语表示与之同位的名词(短语)的实际内容,它的作用相当于名词,对前面的名词(短语)加以补充说明或进一步解释,相当于一个表语从句,它们之间的关系是同位关系,即主表关系。  5.定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。  6.状语从句可分为:  (1)时间状语从句:(adverbial clause of time)   (2)地点状语从句:(adverbial clause of place)   (3)原因状语从句:(adverbial clause of cause)   (4)条件状语从句:(adverbial clause of condition)   (5)目的状语从句:(adverbial clause of purpose)   (6)让步状语从句:(adverbial clause of concession)   (7)比较状语从句:(adverbial clause of comparison)   (8)方式状语从句:(adverbial clause of manner)   (9)结果状语从句:(adverbial clause of result)  7.德语中的从句:状语从句和宾语从句均用 Dass 来引导编辑本段宾语从句定义  宾语从句就是一个句子作动词或介词的宾语。三要素  连接词、语序和时态。  连接词一般都是that(指事物或人),which(指事),who(指人)  1.从句为陈述句,常选择连接词that或将that省略,直接与主句相连。  2.从句为一般疑问句,常选择连接词if或whether。在whether…or not结构中不能用if替换。  3.从句为特殊疑问句,常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代、副词作连接词。  ★当who为主语时,句式为:who+谓语+其他  判断时态情况:  1.主句是一般现在时,从句为各种时态情况   2.主句是一般过去时,从句为各种相应过去时态。注意:从句描绘客观事实,用一般现在时  3.主句是一般将来时,一般从句为一般现在时(“主将从现”)  例题:  (1. The teacher told the children that the sun____ round.  A. was B. is C. were D. are  选B,因其陈述为无可争议的客观事实  (2. I believe that our team____ the basketball match.  A. win B. won C. will win D. wins 选C ,这是讲话人现在对将来情况的主观推测  (3.The soldiers soon reached( )was once an old temple( )the villagers used as a school.   A.which;where B.what;which C.where;which D.what;where   答3:选B,动词reach后接宾语从句,从句缺少宾语,where不可,which引导宾语从句时表疑问含义“哪一个…”而此句中并非疑问含义,不知道哪一座庙宇,而是用what从句表陈述含义,意“过去的一座旧庙宇”;te-mple后为对其修饰的定语从句,用关系代词which代替,并在从句中作动词used的宾语,use sth. as…“把…用作…  宾语从句,在复合句中作宾语,位于及物动词后;   Tell him which class you are in .   Do you know what he likes?   (1)主、从句时态一致:  主句谓语过去时,从句相应过去时;   He answered that he was listening to me.   主句谓语现在时,从句时态任所需;   He says (that) he will leave a message on my desk.   They know (that) he is working hard.   具体过去永不变,真理格言现在时;   He told me that he was born in 1980.   Father told me that practice makes perfect .   (2)否定前移,及完成反意问句;   在think/ believe/ suppose/ guess/ imagine/ expect等动词后跟宾语从句否定式时,应转移到主句上去,完成反意疑问句时,应与从句主、谓保持一致。(注: 否定前移的条件是,主句主语是第一人称)   I don't think you are right,are you   I don't believe they have finished their work yet,have they   (3)在表示建议suggest,advise  要求demand 、desire、require、request、propose;   决定 decide; 命令 order、command; 坚决主张 insist;   等动词后跟宾语从句,用(should)+v.(虚拟语气)   eg. I suggested that you(should)study hard.   He ordered that we should go out at once.   (4)如果宾语从句后有宾语补足语,用it作形式宾语,把宾语从句后置   eg.You may think it strange that he would live there.   (5)宾语从句that常可省略,但在以下情况下不能省略   A.当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,可以省略第一个that,其他不能省略。  eg.I believe(that)you have done your best and that things will get best?   B.当it作形式宾语时   eg.She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him.   C.当宾语从句前置时   eg.That our team will win,I believe.分类  A 、作动词的宾语:  eg.I heard the news  I 主语 heard 谓语动词 the news.名词作宾语  I主语 heard 谓语动词 that he would come here later on.一个句子作宾语---宾语从句  B 、作介词的宾语:  eg.He said nothing about this plan。  He主语 said 谓语动词 nothing 代词作动词的宾语 about 介词 the plan. 名词作介词的宾语带有宾语从句的复合句的构成  带有宾语从句的复合句就是用连接词把一个主句和一个宾语从句连接在一起。连接词有:that(可省略),what,who,when,where,why,which,if,whether,how.  注意  A 宾语从句必须用陈述语序。  False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.  Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.   B 有时候可以用it 作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语从句放在后面。  Bad: I thought that he could finish this job in just two hours impossible.  Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours.   Bad: He left whether we should continue this project to my judgment.  Good: He left it to my judgment whether we should continue this project.  C 带有宾语从句的复合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。  Bad: I think he doesn’t like the English teacher.  Good: I don’t think he likes the English teacher.  D False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner.  Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner.  4.同位语从句(Appositive Clause):与先行词同位或等同的从句叫作同位语从句。其关联词多为that。  5.定语从句(Attributive Clause):用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般皆放在被它所修饰的名(代)词之后,这种名(代)词就叫作先行词(Antecedent)。引导定语从句的关联词为关系代词(或称引导词、关系词等)。关系代词在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语、定语等;关系副词在定语从句中用作状语。  ①引导定语从句的关联词有who,whom,whose,that,when,where,why 和 which. 在非*定语从句中,只可用which,who,whose,where,when.,如果指代前面整个句子,多用which.  例句:  The dog that/which was lost has been found. (失踪的狗已经找到了。)  Those who are in favor of the proposal are expected to discuss it in detail after the meeting. (有人认为那些对这个提案有兴趣的人最好是在会后再具体讨论它。)  There are many organizations whose purpose is to help the homeless. (存在着许多旨在帮助无家可归者的组织。)  The days when we had to rely on wool,cotton or silk for our clothes have now passed. (那种必须依赖羊毛,棉花或者蚕丝做衣服的日子已经过去了。)  Air moves from places where the pressure was high to places where the pressure is low. (空气从压强高的地方流向压强低的地方。)  This is the reason why he refused to help us. (这就是他拒绝帮助我们的原因。)  He was born in 1976,when an earthquake struck the country. (他出生于1976年,这一年这个城镇发生了地震。)  They turned a blind eye to the suffering of the people,which enraged all of us. (他们对受苦人们的漠视激怒了我们。)  ② 当引导定语从句的先行词前有all,any,no,little,much,very first等词,或先行词前为形容词最高级所修饰时,或先行词为all,anything,nothing,something,everything时,从句的引导词只能用that.  The only thing that matters to the children is how soon they can have their holiday. (孩子们唯一关心的是他们什么时候放假?)  These are the very points that puzzle me. (真正困扰我的是这些观点。)  Is there anything that bothers you? (有什么事烦着你吗?)  This is the best film that was ever proced by the company. (这部是那个公司有史以来拍摄得最好的电影。)  ③as 可做引导词引导定语从句,多和such,the same 连用. As 引导的定语从句也可修饰整个句子,既可放在先行词后,也可放在句子开头.  例句:  Such people as you describe are rare nowadays.(你描述的那一类人现在很少了。)  The boy was run over by a motor-car,as often happened in pre-liberation Shanghai.(那个男孩被一辆摩托轧过去了,这种事在解放前的上海是不少见的。)  As is often the case,the girl forgot to bring her dictionary.(正如往常一样,这个女孩又忘了带上字典。)  We are opposed to such ideas as are not based upon objective facts.(我们是反对这种毫无事实根据的想法的。)  ④介词+which/whom/whose从句  The driver is the man from whose room she had stolen the gold watch.(她就是从那个司机的房间偷了金表的。)  Language is a tool by means of which people communicate ideas with each other.(语言就是人们用来和其他人交流的一种工具。)  Jane spent all evening talking about her latest book,of which none of us had ever heard.(Jane一晚上都在谈论着也最近学课本,那些内容我们闻所未闻。)  例题:  Water dissolves a part of nearly everything _______ it comes in contact.  a. where b. that c with which d as soon as  ⑤代/名+介词+which 从句  He is needing a book,the name of which I don't know.(他需要一本书,但是我不知道书名。)  In factories and in our daily life,there are many waste materials,all of which can be turned into useful things under certain condition.(在工厂里,在我们的日常生活中都有很多垃圾,其实这些垃圾在某种情况下是可以转变为有用的东西的。)  To make an objective test the teacher writes a series of questions,each of which has only one correct answer.(为了能够客观地测试,老师写了一串答案唯一的问题。)  ⑥同位语从句和定语从句  The news that he has been admitted by Harvard University is very pleasing.(他被哈佛大学录取的消息非常令人兴奋。)  The news that you told me was really exciting.(你告诉我的好个消息真的是很激动人心。)  ⑦ 难句:  NO.1He is one of the men who were chosen to represent the group.(他是被选为代表该团队的人中一员。)  NO.2He is the only one of those boys who is willing to take on another assignment.(他是那些男孩中唯一一个愿意再接受任务的人。)  NO.3I shall never forget the day when we first met.(我永远也不会忘记我们第一次见面的那一天。)  NO.4I remember the morning when he first came to school.(我记得早上,当他第一次来到学校。)  NO.4I shall never forget the days which I spent in the countryside.(我永远不会忘记和你一起度过的日子,我在农村度过的。)  NO.5The room where he lived is kept in good repair.(他住的房间是保持良好使用状态。)  NO.6Alva found a place in the cellar where he uses as his first laboratory.(馆长在地窖里找到一个地方使用作为他第一次在他的实验室。  NO.7The way in which/that you answered the questions was admirable(以何种方式/这就是你回答了他所提出的问题令人钦佩)时态  1·主句用一般现在时,从句可用任意时态。  2·主句用过去时,从句用过去某个时态。  3·主句用过去时,从句是真理时,只用一般现在时。宾语从句的几类连接词  ①从属连词  连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether. that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句.  例句:  He told that he would go to the college the next year  他告诉我他下一年上大学.  I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.  我不知道是否还会有公交车.  Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.  没人知道他是否会通过考试.  ②连接代词  连接代词主要有who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever ,whosever,whatever,whichever等.  连接代词一般指疑问,但what,whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.  例句:  Do you know who has won Red Alert game  你知道谁赢了这一局红警游戏吗  I don’t know whom you should depend on.  我不知道你该依靠谁.  The book will show you what the best CEOs know.  这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解些什么.  Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone  你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗  ③连接副词  连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.  例句:  He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.  他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.  Could you please tell me how you read the new panel  你能展示给我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗  None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.  没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.

热心网友 时间:2023-10-01 00:33

服从于主句的附属句子。
作用是充当句子成分,换言之,句中某个成分是由句子充当的。
从句除做谓语(动词),其他所有成分都可充当。 1)表语从句

  1.定义:用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。

  2.构成:关联词+简单句

  3.引导表语从句的关联词的种类:

  (1)从属连词that.如:

  The trouble is that I have lost his address.麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。

  (2)从属连词whether,as,as if.如:

  He looked just as he had looked ten years before.他看起来还与十年前一样。

  The question is whether they will be able to help us.问题是他们是否能帮我们。

  注:从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句,但as if却可引导表语从句,如:

  All this was over twenty years ago,but it’s as if it was only yesterday.

  这都是20多年前的事了,但宛如昨天一样。

  能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be,seem,look等。如:

  It looked as if it was going to rain.看起来天要下雨了。

  (3)连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever

  连接副词 where,when,how,why.

  如:The problem is who we can get to replace her.问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。

  The question is how he did it.问题是他是如何做此事的。

  That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic.那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。

  解释:

  1.连词because可引导表语从句。如:

  I think it is because you are doing too much.我想这是因为你做得太多。

  2.在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中,谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示,should可省略。如:

  My suggestion is that we (should)start early tomorrow.我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。

  2)主语从句

  1.定义:用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。

  2.构成:关联词+简单句

  3.引导主语从句的关联词有三类:

  (1)从属连词that.如:That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.

  很明显,她们确是亲姐妹,她们的脸型很相似。

  (2)从属连词whether.如:

  Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear.他是否会来这里还不清楚。

  (3)连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever

  连接副词 where,when,how,why.如:

  What she did is not yet known.她干了什么尚不清楚。

  How this happened is not clear to anyone.这事怎样发生的,谁也不清楚。

  Whoever comes is welcome.不论谁来都欢迎。

  Wherever you are is my home —— my only home.你所在的任何地方就是我的家——我唯一的家。

  解释:

  1.主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有:

  A.It+be+形容词(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc.)+that从句。如:

  It is certain that she will do well in her exam.毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。

  It is probable that he told her everything.很可能他把一切都告诉她了。

  B.It+be+名词词组(no wonder,an honor,a
good thing,a pity,no surprise,etc.)+that从句。如:

  It’s a pity that we can’t go.很遗憾我们不能去。

  It’s no surprise that our team should have won the game.我们没赢这场比赛真意外。

  C.It+be+过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc.)+that从句。如:

  It is said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.据说格林先生已经到了北京。

  It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.

  据报道中国又成功地发*一颗人造地球卫星。

  D.It+seem,happen等不及物动词及短语+that从句。如:

  It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all.Alice似乎不来参加晚会。

  It happened that I was out that day.碰巧我那天外出了。

  E.It+doesn’t matter(makes no difference,etc.)+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。如:

  It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not.她是否来这无关紧要。

  It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.我们在哪里开会毫无区别。

  F.当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时,要以it作形式主语,而把主语从句后置。如:

  Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week? 下周那位科学家将给我们作报告是真的吗?

  Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow? 他们明天不来很要紧吗?

  G.当主语从句出现在感叹句中时,要以it作形式主语,而把主语从句后置。如:

  How strange it is that the children are so quiet! 孩子们这么安静真奇怪!

  2.注意连接代词whoever,whatever,whichever等引导主语从句的含义。

  Whoever comes will be welcome.(whoever=the person who)来的人将受到欢迎。

  Whatever he did was right.(whatever=the thing that)他所做的事情是正确的。

  Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize.(whichever=anyone of you who)你们当中不论哪个进来将会得到奖

  3)宾语从句

  1.定义:用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。

  2.构成:关联词+简单句。

  3.引导宾语从句的关联词有三类:

  (1)从属连词that.如:

  He told us that he felt ill.他对我们说他感到不舒服。

  I know he has returned.我知道他已经回来了。

  注: that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下,that不能省略。

  1.Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.(and连接两个宾语从句,that宾语从句放在and的后面时,that不能省略。)

  大家都会看出所发生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。

  2.I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.(that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时,that不能省略。)

  对他我一无所知,只知道他是南方人。

  3.That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe.(that从句位于句首时,that不可省略。)

  我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。

  4.We decided,in view of his special circumstances,that we would admit him for a probationary period.(主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语,that不可省略。)

  鉴于他的特殊情况,我们决定应允他一段试用期。

  (2)从属连词if/whether.如:

  I doubt whether he will succeed.我怀疑他是否会成功。

  I don’t know if you can help me.我不知道你能否帮助我。

  (3)连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever

  连接副词 where,when,how,why.

  如:

  Who or what he was,Martin never learned.

  他是什么人?他是干什么的?马丁根本不知道。

  I wonder what he’s writing to me about.我不知道他要给我写信说什么事。

  I’ll tell you why I asked you to come.我会告诉你我为什么要你来。

You may do what you will.你可做任何你想做的事。

  (1)介词宾语从句

  宾语从句也可用作介词的宾语。如:

  He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day.

  他对那天发生的事感到很不快。

I walked over to where she sat.我走向她坐的地方。

  I am curious as to what he will say.我很想知道他要说什么。

  Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it.

  你是否成功将主要取决于你做什么和怎样做。

  有时介词可以省略。如:

  I don’t care (for)who marries him.我不管谁跟他结婚。

  Be careful (as to)how you do that.你要注意做这件事的方式。

  解释:

  1.如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,而将宾语从句后置。如:

  We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.

  我们认为小王昨天没来是奇怪的。

  He has made it clear that he will not give in.

  他已表明他不会屈服。

  2.作介词的宾语:连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语,只用在except,but,in后。其他一些介词的宾语从句如果由连词that引导,则需用it先行一步,作形式宾语。如:

  He is a good student except that he is careless.

  他是一个好学生,只是有点粗心。

  You may rely on it that I shall help you.你可以指望我会帮助你的。

  介词宾语不可以用which来引导,而要用what来引导。如:

  Are you sorry for what you’ve done?

  你为你所做的一切感到内疚吗?

  3.某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句,这类形容词或过去分词有sure,glad,certain,pleased,happy,afraid,surprised,satisfied等,连词that可省略。如:

  I am not sure what I ought to do.

  我不能确定我该做什么。

  I’m afraid you don’t understand what I said.

  恐怕你没领会我说的意思。

  I’m surprised that I didn’t see all that before.

  我好奇怪,我以前没看到过。

  Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams.

  妈妈为她的女儿通过了考试而感到高兴。

  4.连词whether (…or not)或if引导的宾语从句

  if和whether引导的宾语从句可以互换使用,但whether常和or not连用,if一般不与or not连用。如:

  I wonder whether it is true or not.我不知它是真是假。

  用if引导宾语从句如果会引起歧义,应避免使用if而用wheter.试比较:

  Please let me know if you want to go.

  Please let me know whether you want to go.

  if从句可理解为宾语从句,意为“请告诉我你是否想去”;此句又可理解为条件状语从句意为“如果你想去的话,请告诉我一声”。

  5.宾语从句的否定转移。在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句,有时谓语尽管是否定意思,却不用否定形式,而将think等动词变为否定形式。如:

  I don’t think you are right.我认为你错了。

  I don’t believe they have finished their work yet.我相信他们还未完成他们的工作。

  I don’t suppose he cares,does he? 我想他不在意,是吗?

  6.宾语从句的时态变化规律:

  (1)当主句是一般现在时态时,从句可根据需要用任何时态。

  (2)当主句是一般过去时态时,从句只能使用过去范围内的任何时态。但客观真理除外。如:

  The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.

  老师说地球绕着太阳运行。

  4)同位语从句

  1.定义:用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。

  2.用法:同位语从句的先行词多为fact,news,idea,thought,question,reply,report,remark等,关联词多用从属连词that.如:

  They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.

  对你生病这件事,他们都很焦虑。

  Where did you get the idea that I could not come?

  你在哪儿听说我不能来?

  Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia.

  德国已对*宣战的消息一大早就传来了。

  注:同位语从句偶尔由从属连词whether引导。如:

  I have no idea whether he’ll come or not.我不知道他是否来。

  连接代词who,which,what和连接副词where,when,why,how亦可引导同位语从句。

  The question who should do the work requires consideration.

  谁该干这项工作,这个问题需要考虑。

We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.

  到哪儿去度暑假,这个问题我们还没有决定。

  It is a question how he did it.

  那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。

  解释:

  1.that引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别

  that引导的同位语从句

  that引导的定语从句

  句法功能上

  that只起连接从句的作用,无意义。在从句中不充当句子成分。不可省。

  that替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接作用,还充当一个句子成分。如在从句中作动词的宾语时可省略。

  意义上

  从句是被修饰名词的内容。

  从句起限定作用,是定语

  如:The news that Mr.Li will be our new English teacher is true.(同位语从句,that不可省。)

  李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。

  The news (that)he told me yesterday is true.(定语从句,that在从句中作told的宾语,可省。)

  他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。

  2.一些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后所跟的同位语从句中,谓语动词用虚拟语气should+动词原形表示。should可省。如:

  This is our only request that this (should)be settled as soon as possible.

  这就是我们唯一的请求:尽快解决这个问题。

  (6)不定式的构成

  1.不定式的构成

  不定式是由不定式符号to+动词原形构成,在某些情况下to也可省略。

  不定式一般有时式和语态的变化,通常有下表中的几种形式(以do为例):

  主动式 to do

  被动式 to be done

  完成式to have done /to have been done

  进行式 to be doing

  完成进行式 to have been doing

  1)不定式的一般式

  不定式的一般式所表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生,或是在它之后发生。如:

  They invited us to go there this summer.他们邀请我们今年夏天去那儿。

  He stood aside for me to pass.他站到一边让我通过。

  2)不定式的完成式

  不定式的完成式所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之后发生,它在句中可作表语、状语、宾语,有时也可作主语、定语等。如:

  She seemed to have heard about this matter.她似乎已听说过这件事。

  I meant to have told you about it,but I happened to have an important thing to do.

  我本来想告诉你这件事的,但我碰巧有一件重要的事要做。

  3)不定式的进行式

  不定式的进行式表示正在进行的与谓语动词同时发生的动作。它在句中可以用作除谓语以外的所有成分。如:

  It’s nice of you to be helping us these days.你真好,这些天一直帮我们。

  He pretended to be listening to the teacher carefully.他假装在认真地听老师讲课。

  4)不定式的完成进行式

  如果不定式表示的动作是谓语所表示时间之前一直进行的动作,就需要用完成进行式。如:

  They are said to have been working in Tibet for 20 years.据说他们已经在*工作20年了。

  We are happy to have been helping each other these days.我们很高兴这些天能互相帮助。

  5)动词不定式的否定形式是由not或never加不定式构成。如:

  Try not to be late again next time.尽量下次不要再迟到。

  He wished us never to meet her again.他希望我们永远不要再见到她。

  6)疑问词+动词不定式:

  不定式和疑问词whether,what,which,whom,where,when,how,why等连用可以在句中起名词的作用,通常跟在tell,know,show,decide,learn,wonder,explain,advise,teach,discuss,find out等动词后面作宾语,有时也可以充当主语、表语等。如:

  On hearing the news,he didn’t know whether to laugh or to cry.

  听到这个消息,他不知道该哭还是该笑。

  When to hold the meeting has not decided.什么时候开会还没有决定。

  介词后一般不直接接不定式,但可以接疑问词+不定式短语作宾语。如:

  Mary gave some advice on how to learn English.玛丽提了一些如何学习英语的建议。

  I have no idea of how to do it.我不

热心网友 时间:2023-10-01 00:34

“从”就是“跟从”、“伴随”的意思;“从句”就是“跟从的句子”,也就是修饰句;对一些主语或者宾语进行修饰,光用一两个词语不能达到修饰完全的目的,所以要用句子进行修饰。因而就有主语从句、宾语从句等等。
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