求科普文章,英译中
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发布时间：2022-05-15 11:45
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热心网友
时间：2023-10-22 13:26
克隆是新的生化技术最吸引的故事，而且引起了很多关于其价值的争论。这里提供对关于克隆的最常见的问题的回答。
1.What is cloning?
Cloning is the creation of cells or whole animals using DNA from a single"parent",bypassing the normal reproctive process.The clone has the same DNA to the parent.
什么是克隆？
克隆是通过正常的在繁殖过程，细胞的再创造或单个母体的DNA复制的生物。被克隆和原来的物体有相同的DNA。
2.Is cloning unnatural?
No.clones are always proced by natural means in the shape of identical twins.
克隆是非自然的吗？
不是。在自然方式中，克隆发生在双胞胎的形成中。
3.How are clones created?
The most common process takes DNA from one cell and puts in a hollowed-out egg.Chemicals and electricity are then used to encourage the new DNA to fuse with the egg and develop into an embryo.This technique is called nuclear transfer.
怎样克隆？
最常见的方法是从某一细胞中提取DNA，然后放进一个无核卵子中。化学物质和电流会促使新的DNA填充卵子进而形成胚胎。这个技术叫做细胞核转移。
4.Why was Dolly important?
The sheep was the first mammal to be cloned using DNA taken from an alt cell.Previously,animals had only been cloned using embryo cells which already have the potential to become a complete embryo in its own right.The big breakthrough with Dolly was to make a clone from an ordinary,alt cell-in this case from a female goat's udder.
为什么多利羊这么重要？
多利羊是首个通过从成年细胞中提取DNA而克隆成功的羊。在此之前，动物只能通过有能力变成完整胚胎的胚胎细胞而进行克隆。多利羊的大突破使得克隆的进行从正常的成年细胞转变成母山羊的乳房。
5.Are cloned normal,healthy animals?
Dolly is,but scientists do not yet know whether this is the exception or the rule.Some early evidences suggest that clones may have health problems and that they may age prematurely.
克隆的动物正常健康吗？
多利羊是正常健康的，但是科学家仍不知道这是不是例外或者是定律。早期的某些证据显示克隆的动物可能有健康问题和克隆的动物的寿命会很短。
6.Are there any benefits from cloning?
Yes.The techniques used have already demonstrated benefits.Polly,another sheep clone at the Roslin institute in Edinburgh has had a human gene inserted so that it proces a blood clotting agent needed by haemophiliacs in its milk.Cloning of human cells in a laboratory could offer perfectly-matched tissue for surgical or genetic repair of human.
克隆有好处吗？
是的。现在使用的克隆技术已经证实其好处。波利羊，另一只在爱丁堡洛斯琳研究所的克隆羊，被嵌入了人类的基因，以致它能在它的牛奶中合成血凝剂。实验室的人类细胞克隆会为人类的外科或基因修复提供完全吻合的组织。
7.Where does the law stand on live hunman clones?
In the UK,human cloning is already banned by law.President Bill Clinton has proposed banning research into procing human clones in the US for five years.Some measures have also been made to establish international agreements banning live hunman clones.
法律如何规范人类克隆？
在英国，法律已经禁止人类克隆。克林顿总统已经下令在未来5年禁止在美国人类基因克隆。一些措施也已经达成全球禁止克隆人类的协议。
