Long-term use of metformin, also known as dimethylbiguanide, can have potential risks and side effects that individuals should be aware of. Metformin is a commonly prescribed medication for managing type 2 diabetes by helping to control blood sugar levels. However, like any medication, it can have adverse effects if used for an extended period of time.

One of the main concerns with long-term metformin use is the potential for developing vitamin B12 deficiency. Metformin has been shown to interfere with the absorption of vitamin B12 in the digestive system, leading to lower levels of this essential vitamin in the body. Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, nerve damage, and anemia. It is important for individuals taking metformin long term to monitor their vitamin B12 levels and consider supplementation if necessary.

Another risk associated with prolonged metformin use is lactic acidosis, although this is rare. Lactic acidosis is a serious condition characterized by the buildup of lactic acid in the bloodstream, which can be life-threatening. This risk is higher in individuals with kidney or liver problems, as these organs are responsible for clearing metformin from the body. It is crucial for individuals taking metformin to have regular check-ups with their healthcare provider to monitor kidney function and overall health.

Additionally, long-term use of metformin may also lead to gastrointestinal side effects such as diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal discomfort. These side effects can be bothersome and impact quality of life for some individuals. It is important to discuss any persistent or severe side effects with a healthcare provider to determine the best course of action.

In conclusion, while metformin is an effective medication for managing type 2 diabetes, long-term use may pose certain risks and side effects that individuals should be aware of. It is essential for individuals taking metformin to work closely with their healthcare provider to monitor for any potential complications and make informed decisions about their treatment plan. Regular monitoring of vitamin B12 levels, kidney function, and overall health can help mitigate some of the risks associated with long-term metformin use.